ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to apply a novel method to the analysis of lip motion in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate before and after lip repair with cross-lip flaps, and to compare lip motion between the patients and healthy volunteers. METHODS: Two 17-year-old bilateral cleft lip patients (one male and one female) who underwent lip repair with an Abbé flap and six healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Motion images from three infrared and one colour digital video camera were captured on a personal computer. By applying a multiple-baseline stereo, range images were produced across the whole images. Lip motion during phonation was then analysed as follows. The lips were divided into eight areas as designated by landmarks and Bézier curved lines, and virtual grid intersections set on the range images were calculated. The lip motion was divided into four periods along a time axis and the velocities were then calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The mobility of the prolabium increased following surgery in both patients. Changes in the ratio of movement of the upper vermilion to the lower vermilion, before vs after surgery, differed in both patients. The timing of the maximal speed during lip motion varied in both patients before and after surgery, and in the healthy volunteers.
Subject(s)
Cleft Lip/physiopathology , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Movement/physiology , Phonation/physiology , Photography, Dental , Video Recording , Adolescent , Adult , Cleft Lip/pathology , Cleft Lip/surgery , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Reproducibility of Results , Young AdultSubject(s)
Cochlear Implants , Deafness/rehabilitation , Waardenburg Syndrome/rehabilitation , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Aberrations , Deafness/genetics , Electrodes, Implanted , Genes, Dominant/genetics , Humans , Male , Oval Window, Ear/surgery , Speech Discrimination Tests , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Waardenburg Syndrome/geneticsABSTRACT
Since the first identification of an association between mutations in the connexin26 (Cx26) gene and autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness it has been shown that several mutations in this gene cause recessive, sporadic, and dominant non-syndromic deafness. Three novel mutations in the Cx26 gene were identified in four of 20 Japanese families with autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness. Seven of 40 chromosomes contained a 233delC allele, while Tyr136Stop (408C-->A) and Gly45Glu (134G-->A) were detected in two of 40 chromosomes, respectively. These mutations were not found in chromosomes in cases of sporadic congenital deafness (0/60) or in control groups (0/100). This indicates that 27.5% (11/40 chromosomes) of cases of autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness among the Japanese are caused by mutations in the Cx26 gene.
Subject(s)
Amino Acid Substitution , Connexins/genetics , Deafness/genetics , Frameshift Mutation , Alleles , Amino Acid Sequence , Codon, Terminator , Connexin 26 , DNA Mutational Analysis , Ethnicity/genetics , Family Health , Female , Gene Deletion , Genes, Recessive , Humans , Japan , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , PedigreeABSTRACT
A simple and direct method using an N-methylpyridinium polymer-based (4VP-Me) column for the detection of the human serum albumin (HSA)-captopril (Cp) conjugate was developed. By this method, a new peak corresponding to an HSA-Cp conjugate was detected in the serum from a patient receiving Cp. The new peak was composed of a 1:1 molar ratio of Cp and HSA. Time courses of reversible and irreversible binding of Cp to HSA were quite different. The reversible binding decreased rapidly, whereas covalent binding increased gradually. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of the HSA-Cp conjugate and, based on this mechanism, apparent first-order rate constants were calculated. Interestingly, the reactivity in serum was approximately 10-fold higher than that obtained for HSA solutions. The differences in this reaction between serum and HSA solution might be due to the fluctuations in pH as well as the presence of endogenous thiol compounds, oxygen, and metal ions in the solutions.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Captopril/metabolism , Serum Albumin/metabolism , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kinetics , Protein Binding , Reference ValuesSubject(s)
Cochlear Implants , Deafness/rehabilitation , Patient Selection , Audiometry , Child , Child, Preschool , Deafness/diagnosis , Deafness/etiology , Hearing Aids , HumansABSTRACT
We prepared three columns containing bovine serum albumin immobilized on silica by different means and the effects of organic modifiers in the eluent on chiral separation were studied using N-substituted amino acids. Adsorption on silica, covalent immobilization to diol-silica with carbonyldiimidazole (CSP-II) and covalent immobilization to amino-silica with glutaraldehyde were studied. CSP-II had the highest stereoselectivity and was the most affected by organic modifiers in the eluent. The hydrophobicity of amino acid moiety affected the chiral recognition of N-benzoylamino acids and the aromaticity of the N-substituted group was important.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Glutaral/chemistry , Imidazoles/chemistry , Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
An insoluble macromolecular Sn(II)(R-Sn) complex which strongly binds Sn(II) by chelation was applied to the direct 99mTc labeling of human immunoglobulin(IgG) to minimize the influence of Sn(II). 99mTc labeling was achieved at greater than 90% yield simply by the short-term mixing of IgGa containing > 2-SH groups per IgG molecule, 99mTc pertechnetate, and the R-Sn complex in pH 7 solution. The 99mTc-IgGa obtained by this labeling method has high stability based on the thiol-specific binding of 99mTc without transchelation from another weakly bound 99mTc-complex.
Subject(s)
Immunoglobulin G/metabolism , Immunoglobulins/metabolism , Technetium/pharmacokinetics , Tin , Animals , Humans , Mice , Radioimmunodetection , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
A chelating ion exchange resin containing aminophosphonic acid groups was used as a polymer matrix for the preparation of an insoluble macromolecular Sn(II)(R-Sn) complex. Sn(II), which strongly bound to the surface of the polymer matrix by chelation, retained the ability to reduce 99mTc in the R-Sn complex. Human serum albumin-bearing-mercapto groups (HMA) was labeled with 99mTc at pH 2-3 using the R-Sn complex or SnCl2 as reducing agent. The 99mTc-HMA labeled with the R-Sn complex resulted in a higher sustained level of radioactivity in the blood of mice than the 99mTc-HMA labeled with SnCl2. These results suggest that the use of the R-Sn complex minimized Sn(II) contamination of the 99mTc labeling solution and can be used effectively as a reducing agent for 99mTc labeling of proteins containing sulfhydryl groups.
Subject(s)
Isotope Labeling/methods , Sulfhydryl Compounds , Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin , Tin , Animals , Humans , Macromolecular Substances , Male , MiceABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to develop a method for evaluating pulmonary clearance in mice that inhaled aerosolized 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin (33mTc-HSA). Mice were ventilated with an aerosol of 99mTc-HSA for 10 min with an ultrasonic nebulizer in an acrylic chamber. Pulmonary clearance was estimated from lung retention ratio at various times after inhalation of 99mTc-HSA. Lung retention ratios in mice were 72.4 +/- 3.3% at 1 hr, 60.1 +/- 2.3% at 3 hr and 34.8 +/- 2.0% at 24 hr after inhalation of 99mTc-HSA, similar to the previous results obtained in humans by cinescintigraphy. The data were analyzed on the basis of two-compartment model. Mabuterol, a beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, stimulated the pulmonary clearance. In contrast, metyrapone, an adrenal 11-beta steroid hydroxylase inhibitor, suppressed the clearance with a decreased corticosterone content in plasma. These findings suggest that the developed method is useful for evaluating the pharmacological effects on pulmonary clearance.
Subject(s)
Lung/physiology , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Animals , Clenbuterol/analogs & derivatives , Clenbuterol/pharmacology , Lung/drug effects , Male , Methods , Metyrapone/pharmacology , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated AlbuminABSTRACT
The versatility of 4-vinylpyridinium (4VP-EG-Q) and quaternized dimethylaminomethylstyrene (PDAMS-Q) polymers synthesized by suspension copolymerization as column packings for high performance ion-exchange chromatography was described. The proposed polymer columns afforded resolution of human/bovine serum albumin components, such as mercaptalbumin and nonmercaptalbumin. It was suggested that the physicochemical structure on the external surface of the ion-exchangers was very important in the resolution. The characteristics of 4VP-EG-Q column were effectively applied to the investigation of the metal-albumin complexes, whereas a rapid analysis of mercaptalbumin in the human serum using the PDAMS-Q column was performed by isocratic elution.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Polymers/chemical synthesis , Polystyrenes/chemical synthesis , Pyridines/chemical synthesis , Serum Albumin/analysis , Humans , Serum Albumin/isolation & purification , Serum Albumin, HumanABSTRACT
High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of human serum albumin, using a column containing quaternized dimethyl-aminomethylstyrene-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, was performed by isocratic elution. This column afforded resolution of albumin components, such as human mercaptalbumin and human nonmercaptalbumin. The method is an alternative to gradient chromatography, and allows rapid determination of the albumin components.
Subject(s)
Serum Albumin/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/instrumentation , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Renal Dialysis , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
Hydroxamamides contain a nitrogen and an oxygen as donor atoms, and can be synthesized by the simple reaction of nitriles with hydroxylamine. Benzohydroxamamide (BHam) was investigated as a new ligand for 99Tcm. The yield of the 99Tcm-BHam complex was determined by thin-layer chromatography using cellulose strips. A high yield of the complex was obtained at room temperature over a wide pH range, even at BHam concentrations as low as 5 x 10(-7) M. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis indicated that the complex was uncharged. When the 99Tcm-BHam complex was injected into mice, it was cleared gradually from the blood by means of the hepatobiliary system with low urinary excretion. Uptake by the stomach and the spleen was low. These results demonstrate the high affinity of BHam for 99Tcm and the high stability of the 99Tcm-BHam complex. The hydroxamamide group may be a promising chelating moiety for designing new 99Tcm radiopharmaceuticals.
Subject(s)
Hydroxamic Acids/chemical synthesis , Organotechnetium Compounds , Organotechnetium Compounds/chemical synthesis , Animals , Chelating Agents , Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacokinetics , Ligands , Male , Mice , Organotechnetium Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
Human serum albumin (HSA) labeled with 99mTc (99mTc-HSA) was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography using a 4-vinylpyridinium polymer column which specifically resolved albumin components such as human mercaptalbumin (HMA), human non-mercaptalbumins (HNA), etc. The 99mTc-HSA radiochromatogram revealed that 99mTc-HSA consisted of several components. The radiochromatographic profile was similar to that of 99mTc-HMA prepared with 99mTc and separated HMA. This suggested that HMA participated mainly in 99mTc-labeling of HSA. When HSA was labeled with a stoichiometric concentration of 99Tc, the HMA peak was significantly decreased and new peaks were revealed by absorbance at 280 nm. From these results, the role of HMA in labeling HSA with 99mTc was elucidated.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin/analysis , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Humans , Polymers , Pyridinium Compounds/chemistry , Serum Albumin/analysisABSTRACT
Macromolecular Sn(II) complex (R-Sn) was developed using a chelating resin containing aminophosphonic acid groups as a reducing agent of 99Tcm(VII) in the preparation of 99Tcm radiopharmaceuticals. Since Sn(II) was bonded strongly to the resin by chelation, release of Sn from R-Sn was rarely observed in saline solution. 99Tcm labelling with a yield greater than 90% was performed by mixing R-Sn, 99Tcm pertechnetate solution and a ligand, such as human serum albumin and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, for a short time. The 99Tcm radiopharmaceuticals were almost free from Sn(II) and the reducing activity of R-Sn was quite stable despite long-term storage without any special care.
Subject(s)
Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin , Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate , Adsorption , Chelating Agents , Macromolecular Substances , TinABSTRACT
The effect of a new polystyrene-based, strongly basic, anion-exchange resin possessing an omega-oxobutyl chain as a spacer arm on the fecal bile acid excretion was investigated in rats and compared with that of Dowex 1-X2, chemically equivalent to cholestyramine. The new resin did produce a significant rise in the total fecal bile acid excretion with its ingestion for a period of 4 weeks. Its promoting activity proved to be 2.0- and 1.8-fold more potent than that of Dowex 1-X2 at the 3rd and 4th week, respectively. These results suggest that the introduction of a spacer arm between the polymer backbone and a functional group would lead to an improvement in the in vivo adsorptive efficiency of the resin.
Subject(s)
Anion Exchange Resins/pharmacology , Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism , Butylamines/pharmacology , Feces/analysis , Ion Exchange Resins/pharmacology , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Cholesterol/metabolism , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Resins, SyntheticABSTRACT
Two types of 4-methylpyridinium polymers (4VP-DVB-Me and 4VP-EG-Me, cross-linked with divinylbenzene and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, respectively) were employed for the analysis of proteins in ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. These polymers had different physical properties in the dry state, but showed similar retentions in size-exclusion chromatography using carbohydrate standards. Generally, the 4VP-EG-Me column was superior to the 4VP-DVB-Me column with regard to separation and recovery of proteins.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Proteins/analysis , Polymers , Pyridinium Compounds , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
A simple direct radioimmunoassay for 11-deoxycortisol in serum is described. A new type of bridge heterologous 125I labeled 11-deoxycortisol was prepared and was applied to the direct radioimmunoassay. Low and high levels of 11-deoxycortisol in serum were sensitively determined by the direct radioimmunoassay.
