ABSTRACT
A case of CD30-positive microvillous lymphoma (MVL) in an 87-year-old man who was encountered generalised lymphadenopathy is presented. Histopathologically, the tumour showed a morphological mimic of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) with sinusoidal growth pattern. Immunohistochemically (IHC), the tumour cells were CD30(+), CD20(+), CD45(+), BCL-2(+), BCL-6(+), MUM1(+), Ki-67(+), CD45RO(-), CD3(-), CD10(-), CD15(-), CD56(-), EMA(-), TIA-1(-) and ALK(-). Flow cytometry confirmed the IHC. In situ hybridisation for Epstein-Barr virus RNA was negative. Electron microscopically, the tumour cells were similar to large transformed lymphocytes and had circumferentially profuse microvillous projections resembling those of epithelial mesothelioma cells. In conclusion, CD30-positive MVLs are indistinguishable from ALCLs that have ultrastructural microvillous projections by morphology alone. However, the lack of EMA, TIA-1 and ALK expression in this MVL case facilitated a definite distinction from ALCLs. The results of a panel of three markers (CD10(-), Bcl-6(+) and MUM1(+)) suggested that the present case of CD30-positive MVLs has an activated non-germinal centre B-cell origin.
Subject(s)
Ki-1 Antigen/analysis , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/ultrastructure , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism , Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/diagnosis , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Microvilli/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Nestin is a neuroepithelial precursor cell marker expressed in a variety of human cell types during development. However, no information exists on the expression of nestin in mature glomeruli as well as during the glomerular development. Here, we examined nestin expression in rat and human glomerular tissues in quiescent states using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods. Nestin mRNA was detected in the rat glomeruli in parallel with its expression in developing rat brains. In the normal mature rat glomeruli, WT-1 positive cells expressed nestin. Co-expression of nestin and vimentin was observed in mature rat podocytes. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed nestin localization in the cell bodies and primary processes of podocytes. A similar expression pattern was observed for vimentin. In matured glomeruli, nestin was not expressed by mesangial and endothelial cells. In the newborn rat, early developing glomeruli (metanephric cap, metanephric vesicle, comma-shaped vesicle and S-shaped body phases) expressed nestin. In the capillary loop stage, Bowman's capsules also expressed nestin. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that developing podocytes and endothelial cells in S-shaped phase glomeruli expressed nestin. Additionally, in immature glomeruli, the mesangial cells in capillary stage of glomerulus also expressed nexin. As in the rat, WT-1 positive cells in human glomeruli also expressed nestin and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed nestin expression in human glomerular podocytes. These results reveal that in normal condition nestin is expressed in several glomerular cell types at early stage of development and becomes confined to podocytes in mature glomeruli, thus implicating nestin in podocyte functions.
Subject(s)
Intermediate Filament Proteins/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Podocytes/metabolism , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Intermediate Filament Proteins/genetics , Microscopy, Immunoelectron , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Nestin , Podocytes/ultrastructure , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Reduplicated basal lamina of the peritubular capillaries (PTC) is usually found in kidney allografts in association with chronic transplant nephropathy and sometimes in native renal biopsies. In order to assess the incidence of this phenomenon in native renal biopsy specimens, we have carried out a retrospective review of the diagnostic ultrastructural pathology records of 80 consecutive renal biopsies excluding renal allografts and children with clinical signs of heavy proteinuria. Reduplicated basal lamina of the PTC was found in 19 out of the 80 cases (23.8%) with renal diseases. It was frequently seen in lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy, being the subtypes of mesangial proliferative lesions. In a few cases it was also found in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) associated glomerulonephritis and benign nephrosclerosis renal biopsies. Reduplicated basal lamina of the PTC was strongly associated with glomerular and peritubular inflammation, and tubular necrosis. Peritubular interstitial edema, slight to moderately increased collagen fibrils, many spiraled collagen fibrils (indicative of degeneration), and collagen fibrils drawing from basal lamina were found around the reduplicated basal lamina of the PTC but not in normal basal lamina. These results indicate that in native renal biopsy specimens, reduplication of the basal lamina of the PTC is associated with endothelial cell injury and capillary permeability abnormality.
Subject(s)
Basement Membrane/ultrastructure , Kidney Transplantation/pathology , Kidney/blood supply , Kidney/ultrastructure , Adult , Aged , Biopsy , Capillaries/ultrastructure , Female , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
In the attempt to develop a pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopic method with improved ultrastructral morphology, we examined an antigen retrieval (AR) method using citraconic anhydride, and compared the effects of glutaraldehyde fixation with routine paraformaldehyde fixation in the pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopic method with reference to the localization of surfactant-associated pro-protein C (proSP-C) in the lung. The glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues were immunostained after AR in 0.05% citraconic anhydride solution, pH 7.4, at 98 degrees C for 60 min. In routine pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopic method using paraformaldehyde fixation, proSP-C positive products were distributed sporadically in the type II alveolar epithelial cells. In glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues without the AR method, proSP-C products were not detected, however after AR in citraconic anhydride proSP-C positive products were distributed specifically, in rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes, Golgi complex membranes, multivesicular bodies and osmiophilic lamellar bodies. The positive proSP-C products also showed lattice-like structures in the alveoli. Thus, the present AR method provides successful pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues.
Subject(s)
Citraconic Anhydrides , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Peptides/metabolism , Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism , Animals , Epithelial Cells/ultrastructure , Female , Fixatives , Formaldehyde , Glutaral , Microscopy, Immunoelectron , Polymers , Pulmonary Alveoli/ultrastructure , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tissue FixationABSTRACT
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates angiogenesis through endothelial cell proliferation and plays an important role in capillary repair in damaged glomeruli. We tested the hypothesis that VEGF might be beneficial in rats with severe glomerular injury in glomerulonephritis (GN) based on its angiogenic and vascular remodeling properties. Acute GN with severe glomerular destruction was induced in rats by injection of anti-Thy-1.1 antibody (day 0) and Habu-snake venom (day 1). Rats were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant human VEGF(165) (10 microg/100 g body wt/day) or vehicle from day 2 to day 9, and monitored changes in glomerular capillaries, development of glomerular inflammation, and progression to glomerular sclerosis after acute glomerular destruction in both groups. Rats that received anti-Thy-1.1 antibody and Habu-snake venom showed severe mesangiolysis and marked destruction of capillary network on day 2. VEGF was expressed on glomerular epithelial cells, proliferating mesangial cells, and some infiltrating leukocytes, and VEGF(165) protein levels increased in damaged glomeruli during day 5 to day 7. Normal, damaged, and regenerating glomerular endothelial cells expressed VEGF receptor flk-1. However, endothelial cell proliferation and capillary repair was rare in vehicle-treated rats with severe glomerular damage, which progressed to global sclerosis and chronic renal failure by week 8. In contrast, in the VEGF-treated group, VEGF(165) significantly enhanced endothelial cell proliferation and capillary repair in glomeruli by day 9 (proliferating endothelial cells: VEGF(165), 4.3 +/- 1.1; control, 2.2 +/- 0.9 cells on day 7, P < 0.001; and glomerular capillaries: VEGF(165), 24.6 +/- 4.8; control, 16.9 +/- 3.4 capillaries on day 7, P < 0.01). Thereafter, damaged glomeruli gradually recovered after development of capillary network by week 8, and significant improvement of renal function was evident in the VEGF-treated group during week 8 (creatinine: VEGF(165), 0.3 +/- 0.1; control, 2.6 +/- 0.9 mg/dl, P < 0.001; proteinuria: VEGF(165), 54 +/- 15; control, 318 +/- 60 mg/day, P < 0.001). We conclude that the beneficial effect of VEGF(165) in severe glomerular injury in GN emphasizes the importance of capillary repair in the resolution of GN, and may allow the design of new therapeutic strategies against severe GN.
Subject(s)
Capillaries/physiopathology , Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Glomerulonephritis/pathology , Glomerulonephritis/physiopathology , Kidney Glomerulus/blood supply , Lymphokines/pharmacology , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Capillaries/drug effects , Capillaries/pathology , Collagen/analysis , Crotalid Venoms , Disease Models, Animal , Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Endothelium, Vascular/pathology , Glomerular Mesangium/drug effects , Glomerular Mesangium/pathology , Glomerular Mesangium/physiopathology , Glomerulonephritis/chemically induced , Humans , Isoantibodies , Lymphokines/genetics , Male , Proteinuria , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/analysis , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics , Receptors, Growth Factor/analysis , Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , Thy-1 Antigens , Trimeresurus , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorsABSTRACT
We report on a case of CD20-positive peripheral T cell lymphoma. The lymphoma cell was positive for CD20 and T cell lineage markers such as cytoplasmic CD3, CD4, and CD5 and had a monoclonal rearrangement of the T cell receptor (TCR) gamma chain gene. The clinical characteristics resembled angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: spontaneous regression of lymphadenopathy and immunological abnormalities such as polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, positive results of direct and indirect antiglobulin tests, and a high antinuclear antibody titer. We reviewed seven cases of CD20-positive T cell malignancies including the present case. Three were immature T cell malignancies (acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and four were peripheral T cell malignancies (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia). Hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly were common features. Further cases must be evaluated to understand the clinical significance of the CD20 expression on the surface of T cell malignancies.
Subject(s)
Antigens, CD20/analysis , Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology , Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology , Genes, T-Cell Receptor gamma/genetics , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Bilateral adrenal tumors were detected in a 72-year-old man who had a history of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor. Computet tomography (CT)-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the adrenal glands was performed. The cytologic findings were similar to the previous diagnosis of "inflammatory pseudotumor" in the liver. However, the origin of some aggregated large atypical cells observed in the adrenal FNAC specimens was not known. Immunocytochemically, these large atypical cells were positive for vimentin and negative for cytokeratin and chromogranin A. An electron-microscopic study showed that these large atypical cells contained mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae and smooth endoplasmic reticulum arranged in whorled and laminated patterns, and these findings confirmed diagnosis of primary adrenal cortical carcinoma. The histopathological diagnosis of the resected bilateral adrenal tumor was adrenal cortical carcinoma. The patient died 7 months after surgery, with recurrence of the bilateral adrenal cortical carcinoma and extensive metastases. A diagnosis of primary adrenal cortical carcinoma with extensive metastases was finally demonstrated by autopsy. Retrospectively, the previous liver tumor was determined to be a metastatic lesion.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adrenocortical Carcinoma/diagnosis , Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/ultrastructure , Adrenocortical Carcinoma/ultrastructure , Aged , Biopsy, Needle , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Microscopy, ElectronABSTRACT
We describe a case of primary anaplastic diffuse large-cell lymphoma arising in the central nervous system (CNS). Primary CD30-positive anaplastic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the brain is very rarely reported. Given that this tumor is immunohistochemically heterogeneous, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) analysis of tumor DNA are essential techniques for early and accurate histological diagnosis in these CD30-positive cerebral lymphoma cases. We report an early CD30- and EBV-positive anaplastic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the CNS that was diagnosed not only from the immunohistochemical study and MRI findings, but also from the genotype confirmations. This tumor was documented to have EBV episomes of monoclonal origin by PCR analysis of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/virology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology , Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification , Ki-1 Antigen/analysis , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology , Neoplasm Proteins/analysis , Pons , B-Lymphocytes/chemistry , B-Lymphocytes/virology , Brain Neoplasms/chemistry , Cell Transformation, Viral , Disease Progression , Fatal Outcome , Female , Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain , Humans , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/chemistry , Middle Aged , Neoplastic Stem Cells/chemistry , Neoplastic Stem Cells/virology , PrognosisABSTRACT
Degradation of basement membrane by metalloproteinases (MMP) is a critical step in tumor angiogenesis. To evaluate in vitro angiogenesis, several models have been employed, including bovine cornea, fenestrated rat brain, Matrigel, and others. These models did not provide quantitative analysis of capillary formation. The current study aimed for a novel approach to in vitro assay of angiogenesis with a "wet scanning electron microscope (SEM)" to investigate suppression of tumor angiogenesis by the MMP inhibitor, SI-27. The effects of noncytotoxic concentrations of SI-27 (1-100 microM) were determined on nonmitogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (10 ng/ml)-mediated cell motility and in vitro angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Activities of MMP and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subsequently, the inhibitory effect of SI-27 was examined on in vitro angiogenesis stimulated by supernatants of human glioma cell lines (U87MG, U251MG, or U373MG). In vitro angiogenesis was quantitatively analyzed with a variable-pressure SEM. Cell motility and in vitro angiogenesis by HUVECs were significantly increased by VEGF along with elevated MMP-1 and -2 activity, whereas SI-27 significantly suppressed VEGF-mediated in vitro angiogenesis and inactivated both MMP-1 and MMP-2, but not inhibited cell motility. The angiogenesis promoted by glioma supernatants showed a significant reduction in the presence of SI-27. SI-27, a novel MMP inhibitor, inhibited tumor angiogenesis in vitro. It can be anticipated to prevent tumor growth through its angiosuppressive effect. Quantitative analysis with a variable-pressure SEM is a novel approach to in vitro angiogenesis assay.
Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology , Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors , Microscopy, Electron/methods , Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology , Oligopeptides/pharmacology , Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology , Chemotaxis/drug effects , Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Humans , Matrix Metalloproteinases/analysis , Matrix Metalloproteinases/physiology , Molecular Structure , Neoplasm Proteins/analysis , Neoplasm Proteins/physiology , Oligopeptides/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , Tight Junctions/drug effects , Tight Junctions/ultrastructure , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/analysis , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Estramustine phosphate (EMP) is an anti-microtubule agent that induces apoptosis of glioma cells. We investigated whether EMP caused apoptosis through the alkylating effect of its nitrogen mustard component or by phosphorylation of bcl-2 like other anti-microtubule agents in normal human astrocyte and human malignant glioma cell lines. Apoptosis was seen in glioma cells treated either with nitrogen mustard or EMP and expression of bcl-2 mRNA was not changed by exposure to the drug. An immunoprecipitation study only found phosphorylation bcl-2 in glioma cells exposed to EMP and not in cells exposed to nitrogen mustard. These results indicate that induction of apoptosis in glioma cells by EMP is mediated by phosphorylation of bcl-2.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology , Estramustine/pharmacology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/pharmacology , Astrocytes/drug effects , Astrocytes/ultrastructure , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/ultrastructure , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Glioma/pathology , Glioma/ultrastructure , Humans , Mechlorethamine/pharmacology , Microscopy, Electron , Microtubules/drug effects , Phosphorylation , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the cytomorphologic features of urine obtained from two different kinds of urinary diversions constructed after total bladder resection. STUDY DESIGN: The smears of urine from 11 ileal conduits and 6 Indiana pouches were evaluated. All patients underwent total bladder resection due to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) or other kinds of cancer before urine diversion. RESULTS: The cytologic features of Indiana pouch urine include degenerated, small, round cells without columnar cells derived from intestinal epithelium. In ileal conduit urine, well-preserved columnar cells and degenerated, small, round cells were frequently observed. The columnar cells in ileal conduit urine exhibited cytologic features that should be distinguished from TCC cells. CONCLUSION: The method of reconstructing the urinary tract is important in urine cytology from urine diversions because the cytomorphologic features of urine are different between the two kinds of urinary diversions. Since columnar cells in ileal conduit urine might lead to misdiagnosis as TCC, special consideration is required to examine ileal conduit urine.
Subject(s)
Urinary Bladder/surgery , Urinary Diversion , Urine/cytology , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , Urinary Diversion/methodsABSTRACT
The clinical manifestations of the classical vasculitis syndromes are extraordinarily heterogenous with considerable overlap among them. Recently, several cases of unusual presentation of the vasculitis syndromes have been reported. We describe a patient who initially manifested with temporal arteritis and Raynaud's phenomenon and subsequently developed bronchial asthma, ie, a case of an atypical form of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic angiitis and granulomatosis) and discuss whether this case is a distinct clinicopathological entity.
Subject(s)
Asthma/diagnosis , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/diagnosis , Giant Cell Arteritis/diagnosis , Adult , Aneurysm/pathology , Angiography, Digital Subtraction , Asthma/etiology , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Arteries/pathology , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/classification , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Eosinophilia/etiology , Eosinophilia/pathology , Giant Cell Arteritis/complications , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Immune system mediated, particularly antibody- and complement-mediated, glomerular injury triggers glomerulonephritis (GN). To characterize complement-mediated cytotoxicity in GN, we assessed the process of mesangial cell death induced by C5b-9 attack in Thy-1 GN. Cell injury was recognized morphologically, and nuclear DNA breaks were confirmed by the DNA nick end labeling (TUNEL) method as well as DNA gel electrophoresis. Thy-1 GN was induced in rats with anti-Thy-1.1 antibody injection. Mouse IgG (administered antibody) and rat C3 were detected in all glomeruli within 5 min after antibody injection. Damaged mesangial cells with condensed as well as TUNEL-positive nuclei could be observed at 20 min and became prominent at 40-60 min. Ultrastructurally, damaged mesangial cells contained condensed apoptotic nuclei from 40 to 60 min, whereas the cytoplasm showed necrotic degeneration. This was followed by progressive lysis of both nuclei and cytoplasm. The DNA 'ladder' pattern was observed by gel electrophoresis of extracted DNA between 40 and 60 min and correlated with the increased number of TUNEL-positive damaged mesangial cells. To examine the role of complement in this form of cell death, complement depletion was induced in rats by cobra venom factor. Complement-depleted rats showed no rat C3 deposition, rare TUNEL-positive mesangial cells, rare ultrastructural degenerated mesangial cells with apoptotic nuclei and necrotic cytoplasm, and no DNA 'ladder' pattern on gel electrophoresis at 40 min, although prominent mouse IgG was seen in glomeruli. To analyze milder forms of complement injury, a low dose of the antibody was administered to rats with a normal complement level. A few TUNEL-positive mesangial cells were detected in the glomeruli which contained apoptotic nuclei and necrotic cytoplasm. Our results indicate that an apoptotic death mechanism accompanies cell necrosis in complement-mediated mesangial cell destruction in GN and that this unusual form of cell death may represent a combination of apoptosis-necrosis within the same cell. Complement injury activates a 'death program' which in turn leads to irreversible damage of mesangial cells and which may contribute to initiation and development of GN.
Subject(s)
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity , Apoptosis , Complement System Proteins/metabolism , Glomerular Mesangium/immunology , Glomerulonephritis/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Complement Inactivator Proteins/pharmacology , Complement System Proteins/immunology , Elapid Venoms/pharmacology , Glomerular Mesangium/pathology , Glomerulonephritis/pathology , Immunoglobulin G/administration & dosage , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Male , Necrosis , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thy-1 Antigens/immunology , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Jejunal Diseases/etiology , Jejunal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis , Adult , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Intestinal Obstruction/surgery , Jejunal Diseases/surgery , Male , PrognosisABSTRACT
A thirty-year-old male with an intracranial malignant meningioma, first diagnosed 9 years ago, with three recurrences was admitted with a hypoglycemic shock. The blood glucose level was 17 mg/dl, requiring treatment with high doses of intravenous and oral dextrose for improvement. A large metastatic tumor in the liver was noted. All hormones and peptides influencing blood glucose levels were in their normal levels. Chemo-embolization and injection of anti-cancer drugs was employed in the management of the metastatic tumor. Positron emission tomography was performed to measure the glucose metabolism of the abdominal tumor and it indicated that glucose consumption within the tumor was much elevated than the surrounding abdominal organs. Hypoglycemia secondary to primary hepatoma or islet-cell cancer has been frequently described, but a complication of metastatic meningioma is an exceedingly rare event. Elevated glucose consumption within the tumor might be addressed as one of the reasons for hypoglycemia, not due to the elevated serum levels of insulin or IGF, but due to the closely related blood glucose level.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Neoplasms/complications , Abdominal Neoplasms/secondary , Hypoglycemia/etiology , Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology , Meningioma/complications , Meningioma/secondary , Abdominal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Biopsy , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis , Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/analysis , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Male , Meningioma/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Emission-ComputedABSTRACT
The influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) on prognosis and the relationship between VEGF expression and MVD in ovarian carcinoma are not well defined. We studied VEGF expression in parallel with MVD by immunohistochemistry in 94 ovarian tumours (64 malignant, 13 borderline, and 17 benign) and correlated the results with the clinicopathologic prognostic factors of the disease to clarify their significance in this disease. Assessment of VEGF mRNA isoforms by RT-PCR was also performed. Of the malignant, borderline, and benign ovarian tumours respectively, two (3%), four (31%) and 16 (94%) were negative, 31 (48%), seven (54%) and one (6%) had low expressions, and 31 (48%), two (15%) and none (0%) had high expressions of VEGF. There were significant associations between the VEGF expression and disease stage (P= 0.002), histologic grade (P= 0.0004), and patient outcome (P= 0.0002). MVD did not correlate significantly with the clinicopathologic parameters. Likewise, no correlation was found between MVD and VEGF expression. The survival of patients with high VEGF expression was significantly worse than that of patients with low and negative VEGF expression (P = 0.0004). Multivariate analysis revealed that disease stage and VEGF expression were significant and independent prognostic indicators of overall survival time (P = 0.008 and P = 0.006 respectively). These findings suggest that in conjunction with the established clinicopathologic prognostic parameters of ovarian carcinoma, VEGF expression may enhance the predictability of patients at high risk for tumour progression who are potential candidates for further aggressive therapy.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Endothelial Growth Factors/analysis , Lymphokines/analysis , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Blood Vessels/physiology , Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphokines/genetics , Middle Aged , Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism , Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Prognosis , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Survival Analysis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorsABSTRACT
Penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcers (PAU) can cause aortic dissection. Of 38 autopsy cases with aortic dissection, 6 (15.8%) had severe atherosclerotic changes, resembling those of PAU, at the site of entry (SE). Clinicopathological data on these patients were compared with those on 32 cases with nonatheromatous dissection (5 with Marfan syndrome or its forme fruste and 27 without Marfan syndrome) and 13 with atherosclerotic saccular aneurysms. For control study, the aorta of a 44-year-old woman who died of pulmonary cancer was used. Compare to nonatheromatous dissection, atherosclerosis-related aortic dissections were found in older women. Four cases were complicated by saccular aneurysms of the aorta. The SE was located in the ascending aorta in 1 and the descending aorta in 5. These sites usually were ulcerated atheromatous plaques or longitudinal fissures rather than transverse tears. Immunohistochemical examination of the SE revealed that MMP-1, 2, 9 and TIMP-2 were expressed in macrophages and/or interstitium, similar to the findings in atheromatous plaque or PAU. We propose that atherosclerosis-related aortic dissection differs from the usual classical aortic dissection. Patients with this lesion have a high risk of re-dissection from the new SE in the same lesion.
Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm/pathology , Aortic Diseases/pathology , Aortic Dissection/pathology , Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Ulcer/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aortic Dissection/etiology , Aortic Aneurysm/etiology , Aortic Diseases/complications , Arteriosclerosis/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinases/physiology , Middle Aged , Risk , Ulcer/complicationsABSTRACT
A case of pulmonary carcinosarcoma in a 68-year-old male patient is reported. The tumor in the resected left upper lobe extended mainly endobronchially, invading the normal bronchial lumina and mucosa. The carcinomatous component consisted of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and was mainly located in the periphery of the tumor nests. The sarcomatous component consisted of chondrosarcoma and was mainly located in the center of the tumor nests. Tumor cells in the sarcomatous component reacted with anti-S-100 protein antibody and were surrounded with abundant homogeneous extracellular matrix staining positively with Alcian blue. The transition from the carcinomatous component to the sarcomatous component appeared to be very smooth. The tumor cells in both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components reacted with anti-epithelial membrane antigen antibody. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells with tonofibrils in the carcinomatous component were apposed and connected to each other by desmosomes. By contrast, in the sarcomatous component, the tumor cells had well-developed and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and were arranged loosely in a myxomatous matrix. Some tumor cells in the sarcomatous component had occasional tonofibrils, and were apposed and connected to each other by desmosome-like structures. It is shown for the first time, ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically, that the tumor cells in the sarcomatous component of pulmonary carcinosarcomas have features of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells. It is suggested that the sarcomatous component in the present case is derived from the carcinomatous component.
Subject(s)
Carcinosarcoma/pathology , Carcinosarcoma/ultrastructure , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/ultrastructure , Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/ultrastructure , Carcinosarcoma/diagnostic imaging , Carcinosarcoma/metabolism , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Male , Microscopy, Electron , RadiographyABSTRACT
Cavernous hemangiomas rarely occur in the calvarium and most commonly present in middle-age. Although a congenital vascular disorder can theoretically cause a diploic lesion in any age group, a calvarial cavernous hemangioma has not been reported in newborn. A 4-month-old male infant presented with a large left parietal mass that had been present since birth. Total resection was performed. Pathological examination revealed a cavernous hemangioma developing within the diploic space adjacent to prior hemorrhages. Surgery was performed in this case because of the size and persistence of the lesion. Removal of tumors of a benign nature from the calvarium can be done safely. Cavernous hemangioma of the skull in a neonate should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in the case of suspected ossified cephalohematoma.
Subject(s)
Hemangioma, Cavernous , Skull Neoplasms , Hemangioma, Cavernous/diagnosis , Hemangioma, Cavernous/surgery , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Skull Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skull Neoplasms/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The diagnostic standard is an important factor in the evaluation of the antibacterial effect to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Few studies have evaluated the bacterial morphological change. In the present study, H. pylori was examined by means of electron microscopy (EM), light microscopy (LM) and immunohistochemical staining. Patients were followed up from 6 weeks to more than 1 year after treatment for H. pylori, and the results of the 13C-urea breath test (UBT) were compared. A '4-L' evaluative system was used for histological diagnosis; that is, complete, significant, partial and negative response for H. pylori treatment. Complete response showed no H. pylori in histology, and positive 13C-UBT and negative response showed positive in both diagnoses. A significant response showed the morphology of H. pylori was thick walled by EM, that there was no obvious active inflammation, and was negative for C-UBT. These H. pylori showed a coccoid form and possibly static bacteria, which was resistant to further antibacterial therapy. The '4-L' system could evaluate the antibacterial effect, suggesting the necessity for a second line of therapy for H. pylori. It is suggested that this sensitive evaluative system is suitable for clinical applications for antibacterial therapy.