Treatment acceptance and its associated determinants in cancer patients: A systematic review.

Treatment recommendations for cancer patients are carried out according to clinical assessment, type and stage of cancer and treatment guidelines. However, many patients do not accept the recommendations. This raises obstacles in managing of cancers, which not only affects the patients, but also the family and people around the patients. This problem could increase morbidity, mortality and recurrence rate, which might result in lower quality of life. Since this condition is a complex problem, there is necessity to explore and determine various determinants from different levels. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the acceptances of cancer treatments among cancer patients and its associated determinants. Articles published from 2010 to 2023 were searched in four databases: ScienceDirect, Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed. Articles written in English and focussing on three main cancer treatments (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) were eligible. A narrative approach was used and the data were analysed into selected themes. Data suggest that several factors influence patient acceptance for cancer therapy including sociodemographic, economic and spiritual cultural backgrounds; patient knowledge and perceptions; community support, as well as policy and availability of health facilities. The determinants consist of individual, interpersonal, institutional, community and public policy level and interaction between levels are contributing to cancer treatment acceptance. In conclusion, cancer treatment acceptance remains a problem in particular in low middle income countries. In addition, the data on radiotherapy referral acceptance were limited and needed further study.

The Effect of Superoxide Dismutase on Inhibition of Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Sepsis Based on Kidney Tissue Histology and Murine Sepsis Score.

Sepsis is one of the leading causes contributing to the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Oxidative stress can be used as the main approach against sepsis-induced AKI. One of the primary antioxidants that plays a role in warding off oxidative stress is superoxide dismutase (SOD). This research aimed to observe the effect of antioxidant SOD in inhibiting sepsis in AKI based on kidney tissue histopathology. The research method was an experimental laboratory with a post-test-only control group design. Twenty-five adult male rats aged 12-16 weeks, weighing between 200 and 250 g, were randomly divided into five groups: Group I, as a positive control, where rats were injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS); Group II, as a negative control; Group III, as treatment 1, where rats were injected with LPS and administered orally with SOD (Glisodin®) 250 IU daily; Group IV, as treatment 2, where rats were injected with LPS and administered orally with SOD (Glisodin®) 500 IU daily; and Group V, as treatment 2, where rats were injected with LPS and administered orally with SOD (Glisodin®) 1000 IU daily. Rats were administered with SOD (Glisodin®) by oral gavage with a flexible feeding tube for 16 weeks, given once daily in the morning, and then injected with LPS of 10 mg/kg body weight. Glisodin SOD had a significant effect on murine sepsis score (MSS). MSS influenced the tubular injury score linearly. We conclude that the optimal dose of SOD at 1000 IU for inhibiting sepsis-induced AKI incidence is compared to SOD at a dose of 250 and 500 IU. The antioxidant effect of SOD can prevent sepsis-induced AKI with oxidative stress events.