[The peculiar biochemical properties of the support structures in the human tissues]. / Osobennosti biomekhanicheskikh kachestv opornykh struktur tkanei cheloveka.

This article is focused on the methodological aspects of the evaluation of the elastic and mechanical strength characteristics of the tissues that form the flexible fibrous and osseous human skeleton. The samples of dura mater and spongy bone (ribs) were subjected to the quantitative analysis for the determination of their bioelemental composition. The study has demonstrated that the force needed to brake dura mater or a rib correlates with the content of biological elements in these tissue, as well as with the age and sex of the human subjects serving as teir sources.

[Evaluation of biological properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with sternum and rib osteomyelitis].

AIM: Study of the role of P. aeruginosa in the development of osteomyelitis of sternum and ribs in cardio-surgery patients, and analysis of the main biological properties of the isolated bacterial strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 132 bacterial cultures were isolated from 83 hospital patients as a result of bacteriological examination during 2007-2013. Wound discharge was the study mate- rial. Sampling, seeding and identification of the isolated cultures was carried out by using the respective test-systems; antibiotic sensitivity was studied by disc-diffusion method. RESULTS: The proportion of P. aeruginosa was 10.6% (n = 14) that is comparable with data on wound infections of general surgery hospitals. A direct and strong correlation (R = 0.846, p = 0.000132) between hemolytic and phospholipase activity was established during evaluation of virulence properties of the isolated-strains. The degree of film-forming ability varied significantly from 0.122 to 1.412 OD; 64.3% ofthe studied cultures were highly film-forming variants. Statistically significant association between biofilm formation and other studied properties was not found. 4 strains produced VIM2-type metallo-betalactamase and had identical RAPD profiles. CONCLUSION: Considering that earlier the similar cultures were not detected and all of them were isolated at a short interval of time, we have made a conclusion, that their short-term circulation is probably associated with introduction, which was the reason for patient infection. P. aeruginosa could be the etio-pathogen of both early and later complications of cardio-surgical interventions.

[The alpha-defensins, peptides and proteins synthesized and liberated by neutrophils under atherosclerosis of different localization].

In recent years, the scientific publications about disorder the scientific publications appeared concerning derangement of content of alpha-defensins in neutrophils of patients with atherosclerosis. The interest increases both to different derangement of protein-synthesizing function of neutrophils and to biological effects caused by defensins and other peptides and proteins taking part in anti-microbial defense of human organism. With purpose to study content of alpha-defensins (1-3) and synthesis and liberation of other proteins and peptides by neutrophils the concentrations of alpha-defensins, lipoprotein (alpha), C-reactive protein, precursor of cerebral natriuretic peptide, coagulation factor VII and von Willebrand factor were determined in supernatants of leukocytal cultures in patients with exertional angina pectoris and atherosclerosis of lower extremities. The evaluation of loading test was implemented in vitro with alpha-tumor necrosis factor in vitro. Simultaneously, serum concentrations of cytokines and pro-atherogenic proteins were analyzed. It is established that in patients with ischemic heart disease derangement of protein-synthesizing function of neutrophils is observed. The derangement is manifested in the form of decrease of synthesis of alpha-defensins, increase of synthesis of lipoprotein (alpha), precursor of cerebral natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein and von Willebrand factor. The pathogenic role of alpha-tumor necrosis factor is established. The increase of concentration of interleukin-8 in blood serum is revealed.

[Analysis of pyogenic microflora structure of a cardiac surgery hospital].

AIM: Long-term analysis of structure and resistance level ofpyogenic microflora in cardiac surgery hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from microbiological studies carried out in Perm Regional Hospital No. 2 Institute of Heart from 2002 to 2010 was used. Isolation and identification of cultures was carried out by traditional methods, determination of antibiotic resistance--by disk diffusion method, sensitivity to disinfectants--by serial dilution method. RESULTS: Gram-positive bacteria predominate in the structure of clinical flora--enterococci and staphylococci (aureus--during the first years of observation, coagulase negative staphylococci--later). In 2010 an increase of relative rate of gram-negative bacteria, especially pseudomonas and acinetobacters, as well as Serratia marcescens was noted. Among all microorganism species a constant increase of antibiotic resistance level was noted. Clinical microflora is highly sensitive to the preparation for final disinfection, but at the same time is characterized by the generation of resistance to the current disinfectant. CONCLUSION: Monitoring of structure and properties of clinical microflora allows to introduce correction into antibacterial therapy schemes and epidemic control measures, as well as register the emergence of hospital strains. High level of drug resistance of the flora indicates the practicability of antibiotic rotation.

[High thoracic epidural anesthesia as a component of optimization in the perioperative period in elderly and senile cardiosurgical patients].

The paper presents the results of assessing the methods of standard general anesthesia and combined anesthesia in elderly and senile surgical cardiosurgical patients.

[Correction of ischemic atrioventricular insufficiency as a component of surgical remodeling of post-infarction heart in patients with ischemic dilatation cardiomyiopathy].

Patients with ischemic dilatation cardiomyopathy are most difficult to control symptoms of cardiac insufficiency (CI). Analysis of survival, results of cardiac chamber remodeling, and severity of CI in 192 patients showed that the optimal outcome of the treatment is on the average achieved in case of surgical revascularization combined with correction of ischemic atrioventricular insufficiency.

[Adrenal structure in the fetuses of humans living in the European North]. / Stroenie nadpochechnikov u plodov cheloveka, zhivushchego na evropeiskom Severe.

The adrenals of 194 human fetuses of 17-40 weeks and newborn infants were studied by histological and morphometrical methods. The abortive material was taken at hospitals in the city of Arkhangelsk and regions beyond the Polar circle. The mass of adrenals was found to be reliably less as compared with the norms in middle latitudes, and the rate of increase of this index decreased in the dynamics of pregnancy. The microscopic and stereometric investigations have revealed decreased thickness of the cortex, adaptational and pathological changes of adrenocorticocytes. Little mass of the adrenals was associated in some cases with a premature formation of the cortex zones.

[Various indicators of the hormonal profile in patients with neuroses after psychopharmacotherapy and functional test with sinacten]. / Nekotorye pokazateli gormonal'nogo profilia u bol'nykh nevrozami na fone psikhofarmakoterapii i funktsional'noi nagruzki sinaktenom.

Studies of adenohypophyseal hormones, cortisol, T3, T4, thyroxine-binding globulin, testosterone, progesterone and estradiol in 90 neurotic men, treated or not with amitriptyline and benzodiazepines, allowed a conclusion that in the majority of them, endocrine functions were activated. 11 healthy men and 11 male patients underwent the three-day test with sinacten-depot (1 mg intramuscularly). The functional test data were compared over time by the methods of nonparametric statistics. The patients manifested a decrease of reserve potentialities of the pituitary-adrenal system, redistribution of the fractions of thyroid hormones, gonadotropins, the progesterone/estradiol ratio, a rise of prolactin and testosterone secretion. The drugs were found to improve the functioning of the pituitary-adrenal system. However, they did not contribute much to the positive changes in the pituitary-thyroid and other systems.

[The age-related pathomorphology of the thyroid in inhabitants of the European North]. / Vozrastnaia patomorfologiia shchitovidnoi zhelezy u zhitelei Evropeiskogo Severa.

Thyroids of 185 males of different ages (from 17 to 75 years) were examined by histological and stereological methods. All persons died accidentally. Cases were not connected with endocrinological diseases. Maximum weight of organ (18.1 +/- 1.2 g) was at the age of 31-40 years. In all cases the thyroids were characterised by the large-follicular type of structure with a moderately pronounced colloid resorption and desquamation of thyrocytes. Statistically significant changes of nuclear volume and volume density of thyrocytes with age were found stereologically. It is concluded that the conditions of the European North influence the speed of the involutionary changes in the thyroid.

[Clinical value of transesophageal electric stimulation of the heart in patients with occlusive diseases and aneurysms of the aorta and major arteries during preparation for surgery]. / Klinicheskaia znachimost' testa chrespishchevodnoi elektrostimuliatsii serdtsa u bol'nykh s okkliuziruiushchimi zabolevaniiami i anevrizmami aorty i magistral'nykh arterii v period podgotovki k operatsii.

A total of 325 patients with occlusions and aneurysms of the aorta and its main branches were investigated preoperatively. The patients were divided into 2 groups; in one of those (32 patients), esophageal electrostimulation of the heart was used for the diagnosis of latent coronary insufficiency. In addition to the degree of myocardial ischemia, the efficiency of antianginal drugs and the results of preoperative medication were assessed here. Comparative analysis of the results demonstrated a higher sensitivity and diagnostic value of esophageal electrostimulation, as compared to routine lead tests, which, in combination with the test's simplicity and noninvasiveness as well as possible identification of diagnostically-meaningful criteria, makes it a method of choice.

[Status of the hypophyseo-adrenal system and functional morphology of the adrenal glands in residents of Northern European areas of the USSR]. / Sostoianie gipofizarno-adrenalovoi sistemy i funktsional'naia morfologiia nadpochchechnikov u zhitelei evropeiskogo severa.

Serum corticotropin and cortisol levels were measured in 20-40-year old healthy residents (144 males and 361 females) in the North. A functional Synacthen Depot test was performed in 5 volunteers. The adrenal glands from 56 males and 8 females of the same age who had died from accidents were pathohistologically and stereometrically examined. The signs of functional tension were established in the pituitary-adrenal cortex system. The Synacthen Depot test determined sufficient potentials of the organ to show responses to specific stimulation. Morphologically, a number of changes were found, which might be regarded as a prerequisite to the development of functional and pathological disturbances in the above-mentioned link of the endocrine system.

[Idiopathic Addison's disease]. / Idiopaticheskaia bolezn' Addisona.

Two cases of idiopathic Addison's disease affecting heterozygous twins who died from addisonian crisis at the ages of 7 and 10 years, are described, including descriptions of histologic findings in the adrenals, thymus, hypophysis, kidneys, esophagus, upper respiratory tract, and other viscera. The authors believe that autoimmunization in children with idiopathic Addison's disease develops in the presence of congenitally defective immunity and propose that activation of the juxtaglomerular complex and hypergranulation of interstitial cells in the inner renal medulla may be used as morphologic criteria in the diagnosis of addisonian crisis.

[Hormone content of the blood in neurotic patients]. / Soderzhanie nekotorykh gormonov v krovi u bol'nykh nevrozami.

Radioimmunoassay was applied to study the hormones (corticotropin, cortisol, T3, T4, testosterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones) in 52 male neurotic patients and 120 healthy donors in Arkhangelsk city, as compared to latitudinal mean values. In patients, prolactin, cortisol, thyroid hormones and gonadotropins were increased by 82.7%, 48.7%, 41%, 52.6%, respectively. Patients also had lower production of ACTH, higher blood contents of T3, prolactin and testosterone. Unidirectional shifts were detected in hormonal systems of neurotic patients, with respect to the time of the disease onset and the duration of last exacerbation: ACTH secretion increased with reduced response of adrenal cortisol production, compensatory increase in thyroid functions, redistribution of gonadotropic fractions increasing the FSH/LH ratio, decrease in testosterone production. At the initial stages prolactin secretion increased to reach later its plateau.

[Mathematical modeling of pathomorphologic changes in the spinal cord during prolonged cooling]. / Matematicheskoe modelirovanie patomorfologicheskikh izmenenii v spinnom mozge pri dlitel'nom okhlazhdenii.

Experiments were made on 72 rabbits exposed to daily 10-12-hour cooling at a temperature of -3-5 degree C for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Use was made of a complex of morphometric methods to study neuro-capillary, neuroglial, relationships and nucleoprotein metabolism in the cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral parts of the spinal cord. The data obtained were processed on Nairi-K and Minsk-32 computers. All the changes in the parameters examined can be depicted mathematically by the equation Y = A0 + A1X + A2X2. Differences were revealed in the responses of different parts of the spinal cord to cold exposure to attribute the cervical segments to the increased risk area for the development of unfavourable pathomorphological alterations.

[Functional and morphologic changes in the heart following phrenicotomy]. / Funktsional'nye i morfologicheskie izmeneniia v serdtse posle frenikotomii.

Experiments on dogs showed that the phrenic nerves participate in innervation of the heart. Their division in the cervical portion is attended with disorders of the rhythm, abnormalities in the components of the electrocardiogram, and degenerative changes in the intramural nerve apparatus of the heart. The results of the experiments indicate that the use of the phrenic nerve as a donor in a plastic operation of the nerve trunks should be considered an operation of choice.