[Episcleral circular buckling in surgical treatment of recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after vitrectomy]. / Episkleral'noe krugovoe plombirovanie v khirurgii retsidivov regmatogennoi otsloiki setchatki na avitreal'nykh glazakh.

Despite the improvement of the surgical technique of vitreoretinal interventions, the number of recurrences of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) remains quite high. PURPOSE: Evaluation of the effectiveness of episcleral circular buckling (ECB) in the treatment of recurrent RRD after vitrectomy due to progression of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 21 patients (21 eyes) with recurrent RRD after primary vitrectomy. All patients underwent standard preoperative examination including visometry, tonometry, ophthalmobiomicroscopy, and additionally, optical coherence tomography was performed to assess the involvement of the macular area; the presence of anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy was determined by ultrasound biomicroscopy, axial eye length was measured with an optical biometer. All patients underwent ECB, in some cases combined with repeated vitreoretinal surgery. RESULTS: Preliminary results of the study showed high efficiency of ECB exclusively, as well as ECB combined with revision of the vitreal cavity in case of RRD recurrence after primary vitreoretinal surgery, which amounted to 95% after one additional operation and removal of silicone oil. CONCLUSIONS: Episcleral circular buckling in the treatment of recurrent RRD after vitreoretinal surgery is a multifunctional and safe method that allows achieving favorable functional and anatomical outcomes.

[Modern aspects of the treatment of submacular hemorrhages secondary to macular degeneration]. / Sovremennye aspekty terapii submakulyarnykh krovoizliyanii na fone makulyarnoi degeneratsii.

Age-related macular degeneration complicated by submacular hemorrhage if not treated timely leads to permanent loss of central vision. The basis of effective therapy is its early start, dislocation of blood from central parts of the retina and blockage of neovascularization. This review examines the current methods of treatment of submacular hemorrhages, anatomical and functional outcomes, risks of postoperative complications, as well as trends in the use of combined methods of surgical intervention.

[Anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic retinopathy]. / Anti-VEGF preparaty v lechenii diabeticheskoi retinopatii.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus, its treatment involves specialists of different areas - endocrinologists, diabetes specialists, therapists, cardiologists, surgeons, anesthesiologists etc. For ophthalmologists the objective is to diagnose ocular pathological changes associated with diabetes mellitus, and to prescribe required treatment in a timely manner. Treatment methods used in DR can be divided into three main groups: laser coagulation of the retina, intravitreal injection of medications - inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucocorticoids, as well as surgical treatment. The present literature review addresses the use of anti-VEGF drugs in the therapy of DR, specifically the latest medications, the most important studies on the treatment of DR and diabetic macular edema (DME), as well as post hoc analysis of such studies, the role of these medications in the therapy of refractory DME and proliferative stage DR. The review also addresses the upcoming strategies for therapy, as well as the importance of medications in prevention of DR and DME.

[Antiangiogenic therapy of neovascular age-related macular degeneration]. / Antiangiogennaya terapiya neovaskulyarnoi vozrastnoi makulyarnoi degeneratsii.

The problem associated with the prevalence of retinal diseases, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in particular, is undoubtedly relevant. This aspect is based on steadily growing statistics on morbidity, a high number of randomized controlled trials (RCT) and published real world data (RWD). The analysis of RCT results being published by researchers on 15.05.19 showed 2915 studies were registered on the subject of retinal diseases; that exceeds the number of studies on glaucoma by approximately 1.38 times (2118 studies) and conjunctival lesions by 2.37 times (1230 studies). AMD is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss and blindness; its neovascular form leads to blindness in 80-90% of all cases. Even though the topic of nAMD therapy is widely highlighted in modern ophthalmology, today there are many aspects that require targeted solutions. The main controversial issues that determine the complexity of therapy and patient management include discrepancies in determination of reference points (disease activity criteria) for implementation of anti-VEGF dosing regimens, patients' compliance, prioritization issues in treatment, its continuity with potential for the increase of intervals between injections and monitoring visits.

[Changes in perfusional and morphological parameters of the macular area after silicone oil tamponade of the vitreous cavity]. / Dinamika perfuzionnykh i morfologicheskikh parametrov makulyarnoi zony pri silikonovoi tamponade vitreal'noi polosti.

PURPOSE: To compare the changes of the macular morphological and functional parameters in the postoperative period in patients with silicone oil tamponade after successful surgery of the macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 20 eyes operated on for macula-on RRD, which made up the first group, and the control group (20 eyes) for comparison. All patients of the study group underwent vitrectomy using silicone oil tamponade. Standard ophthalmological examination was performed on the 3rd day (early postoperative period) and the 14th day (late postoperative period), including OCT and OCT-A that were used to assess morphological and functional changes. RESULTS: A significant decrease in visual acuity was seen on the 3rd day after surgery involving the use of silicone oil tamponade, in comparison with the 14th day (p=0.0237) and the control group (p=0.0001). A decrease in the FD parameter (p=0.045), a decrease in vascular density in the fovea (p=0.020) and parafovea (p=0.024) in SCP were found on the 3rd day in comparison with control. On the 14th day of postoperative observation, a tendency was detected for choroidal perfusion to restore, as well as significant increase in FD (p=0.016), and an increase in vascular density in parafovea (p=0.01) compared with the early postoperative period. No statistically significant changes were seen in the FAZ area and vessel density DCP (p>0.05).

[Kinetics of the lactone-carboxylate transition of hybrid camptothecin-netropsin molecules]. / Kinetika lakton/karboksilatnogo perekhoda gibridnoi molekuly kamptotetsin-netropsin.

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of the lactone ring of a hybrid molecule containing the molecules of the antitumor drug camptothecin and a derivative of the antibiotic netropsines, which is highly affine and specific to the DNA A-T sequences was investigated. It was shown that intramolecular interaction significantly slows down the rate of hydrolysis but does not change the equilibrium ratio of concentrations of the lactone and carboxylate forms of the camptothecin fragment of the hybrid molecule, which corresponds to the pH value. The use of intramolecular interaction for controlling the kinetics of the lactone/carboxylate transition makes it possible to create the drugs of the camptothecin family, which preserve the biologically active lactone form under the physiological conditions for a longer time and, therefore, are more effective as anticancer agents.