Carbohydrate Specificity and Isotypes of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies to Conjugated Tetrasaccharide, a Synthetic Analogue of Repeating Unit of Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 14.

We studied carbohydrate specificity and isotypes of antibodies to BSA-conjugated tetrasaccharide, a repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14, in mouse polyclonal sera and hybridoma-synthesized products. Natural IgM antibodies to the tetrasaccharide containing epitopes similar to surface carbohydrate structures of mammalian and human cells in low titers were determined in native mouse serum by ELISA using biotinylated tetrasaccharide and synthetic capsular polysaccharide as the solid-phase antigens. Polyclonal sera to the conjugated tetrasaccharide contained IgM and all subclasses of IgG antibodies, which were detected in a higher titer when the biotinylated tetrasaccharide was used as a solid phase antigen compared to synthetic capsular polysaccharide. Monoclonal antibodies to S. pneumoniae serotype 14 tetrasaccharide were identified in an equivalent titer using either biotinylated tetrasaccharide or synthetic capsular polysaccharide. Monoclonal antibodies obtained in vitro belonged to IgM isotype and cross-reacted with secondary full-size IgG antibodies. In the serum of mice inoculated with hybridoma, IgM and IgG2a antibodies recognizing the tetrasaccharide epitope in the structure of synthetic capsular polysaccharide were simultaneously determined.

[Ethnic and social aspects of risk factors for cerebral stroke in Izhevsk city].

A role of ethnic and social aspects of risk factors for stroke has been studied in 210 patients born in ethnically homogenous marriages. Patients were recruited from the main ethnic groups of Izhevsk, i.e. Russian, Udmurt and Tartar. Between-ethnic differences in the prevalence of social and cultural factors conferring the risk for stroke have been found. In particular, these factors dominated in Udmurt patients.

[Ethnic and genealogical aspects of cerebral stroke in Izhevsk city].

To study hereditary predisposition to stroke in main ethnic groups of Izhevsk, 210 patients born in ethnically homogenous marriages have been examined and the data on state of health of 1701 relatives over 40 years old have been obtained. A role of hereditary factor in development of stroke was revealed. Also, there were ethnic differences related to a prevalence of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism disorder in patients of the Tartar group comparing to Udmurt and Russians.