Hepatoprotective effect of essential phospholipids enriched with virgin coconut oil (Phoscoliv) on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity.

The prevalence of liver disease is increasing year by year and it is recognized as a main health burden across the world. Nowadays, dietary nutraceuticals are found to be very effective in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. The virgin coconut oil and phosphatidylcholine are found to have a wide range of therapeutic efficacy and the most important among them is its hepatoprotective activity. In the present study, we had evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of the novel formulation with the combination of these two which is named as Phoscoliv. For the study, adult Wistar rats were grouped into Normal control, Paracetamol-treated, and Paracetamol along with Phoscoliv-treated group. In order to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the drug, various parameters were analyzed. Data obtained from the study showed that Phoscoliv supplementation were found to significantly boost up the antioxidant status by enhancing the SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH level and thereby inhibit the generation of ROS and also blocked lipid peroxidation, which was confirmed by the reduced level of TBARS. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also decreased, which was eventually helped to maintain the normal architecture of the liver. Thus, from the overall result of this study reveals that Phoscoliv can be effectively used as a potent and safe hepatoprotective medicine. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The over or unwanted usage of synthetic medicine is a serious problem because it can cause so many adverse health effects. Liver-related disorders are the major side effects of these drugs. Food habits of ancient people dictate that there is no other better medicine than a good food. So, treating a disease with a food or compounds derived from a food item will be more effective. Virgin coconut oil is a type of natural and organic oil, which has the capability of maintaining the body in a healthy state. Likewise, phosphatidylcholines are very important phospholipid nutrients necessary to keep the cells healthy. Both these have the potential to protect and prevent the liver damages. Therefore, the combination of these two can exhibit profound hepatoprotective activity.

Ameliorating effect of glutathione-enriched herbal formulation (glothione) on alloxan-induced experimental diabetic model by modulating oxidative stress and pathogenesis.

Diabetes Mellitus is a common metabolic or endocrine disorder that occurs as a result of insufficient amounts of insulin secretion or defect in the action of insulin produced from pancreatic beta cells. Antioxidant containing food items are very effective in reducing complications that arise due to diabetes, indicating that it may be beneficial for treating metabolic disorders. In this study, we used some essential nutrients enriched with glutathione, named as Glothione (GN), and evaluated the antidiabetic effect of GN in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The treatment with GN showed significant reduction in the blood glucose level, HbA1c level, and liver markers like SGOT, SGPT, and ALP and shows increased antioxidant status and decreased inflammatory markers. Histopathological analysis of pancreas and liver tissue showed that there were no abnormalities in the rat after the administration of GN. Thus, antioxidant-enriched formulation of GN can be used as a potent hypoglycaemic drug. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Glothione is a glutathione-enriched formulation that contains essential nutrients required for the normal functioning of the body. Recent trends in lifestyle and food habits have been noted to cause health risks and subject the body through physical and physiological stress--hence the importance of antioxidant-rich foods. Antioxidants are capable of boosting metabolism and other physiological processes. Thus, the consumption of GN can enhance the antioxidant status within the body. GN does not contain any chemical ingredients so it will not cause any side effects. It has a strong antidiabetic effect and is also able to control a number of diseases.

Anti-inflammatory effect of synthesized indole-based chalcone (2E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(1H-indol-3-yl) prop-2-en-1-one: an in vitro and in vivo studies.

Purpose: Chalcones are precursors of flavonoids with a wide range of pharmacological activities. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effect of indole based chalcone derivative (2E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(1H-indol-3-yl) prop-2-en-1-one (IC9) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells and carrageenan-induced acute model in rats.Materials and methods: LPS-treated RAW264.7 cell lines and carrageenan-induced animal model were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of IC9. The cell cytotoxicity studies were carried out by MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and other inflammatory markers such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO) as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity were determined using ELISA. The RT-PCR was performed to determine mRNA expressions in the case of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and also nuclear translocation of NF-κB activity.Results: LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells showed an increased level of ROS generation and other inflammatory markers such as PGE2, NO level and COX-2 activity. Expression of iNOS, COX- 2 and TLR-4 mRNA expression were also up-regulated along with nuclear translocation of NF-κB. On IC9 supplementation, all the above parameters of LPS-activated cells were found to be reversed, resembling the control group. Moreover, IC9 significantly inhibited paw swelling and exhibited maximum inhibition of 78.45% at low dose of 7.5 mg/kg.bwt.Conclusions: The targeting anti-inflammatory efficacy and profound NF-κB sensitive transcriptional regulatory mechanism of IC9 accounts for its effective anti-inflammatory action.

Curcumin-galactomannosides mitigate alcohol-induced liver damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation, and enhance bioavailability on TLR4/MMP events compared to curcumin.

Alcoholic liver diseases are classified as one of the major reasons for worldwide morbidity and mortality. Curcuminoids exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities that are beneficial for health, including hepatoprotective effects, but its clinical significance is limited due to poor oral bioavailability. In the present study, a novel formulation of curcumin as curcumin-galactomannosides (CGM) with enhanced oral bioavailability alleviated alcohol-induced liver damage in wistar rats with an increased potency compared to the unformulated natural curcuminoids (CM). Ethanol administration significantly elevated liver toxicity markers, lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers with a simultaneous reduction in antioxidant defenses. Supplementation of CGM reversed all of the pathological effects of alcohol administration, almost close to the normal level, when compared with CM. Histopathology of liver tissue also confirmed the better protective effect of CGM, indicating the enhancement in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as a function of bioavailability.