Peptic ulcer Disease drugs usage patterns and its economic burden in a tertiary health institution in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Background: Drug utilization evaluation for peptic ulcer disease and its cost implication are rare in Niger Delta. The objective of the study was to evaluate drug usage pattern in peptic ulcer diseases as well as its cost implications.Methods: The cross sectional drug use evaluation study involving the use of questionnaire and patient case notes was carried out in a tertiary health institution. The validated pretested questionnaire was interviewer administered to 300 patients sampled consecutively followed by a retrospective review of their respective case notes between April to November 2013. Information collected include risk factors, prescribed drugs, Helicobacter pylori assay test results among others. Cost of each drug and therapy were then computed appropriately. Data was analyzed using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, Microsoft Excel and Graph Pad Prism for windows Instat Version 3.Results: Out of the 300 patients, H. pylori test was conducted in 262 (87.3%) while the presence or absence of the organisms could not be confirmed in the remaining 38 subjects. Out of the 262 patients with H. pylori test results, only 166 representing 63.4% were positive. History of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) usage was very high among the subjects (250; 83.3%) and highest for ibuprofen 146 (48.7%). The most prescribed drugs were antacids (268; 89.3%), amoxicillin (165; 55.0%), and a combined formulation of omeprazole, tinidazole, and clarithromycin in 140 (46.7%) subjects, followed by omeprazole alone (125; 41.7%).The national direct cost implication for the estimated 17.6 million is in the range of NGN186,849,000,000.00 ($958,200,000.00), out which NGN109,867,000,000.00($563,420,513.00) was for PUD drugs (50.9%) and NGN32,698,575,000.00 ($167,685,000.00) for H. pylori tests (17.5%), while the remaining 31.7% valued at NGN59,231,133,000.00 ($303,749,400.00) was for non-ulcer drugs, personnel and transportation.Conclusion: The pattern of drugs usage is consistent with standard treatment guidelines. Peptic ulcer drugs for the 300 subjects constituted NGN1,618,641 ($8300.72) which represents 73.0% of the total amount spent on drugs. The national direct cost of PUD is close to NGN200 billion ($1.04 billion). Updated information on drug usage and their costs is needed for improved usage and system efficiency

Drug compliance among hypertensive patients in Kassala, eastern Sudan.

A cross-sectional study of hypertensive patients was conducted and drug compliance was estimated. Factors associated with compliance, status of blood pressure control and occurrence of complications were assessed. Compliance was 59.6% as measured with the pill count method. We found 92% of compliant patients had controlled blood pressure in comparison with 18% of non-compliant patients, and 30.1% of the compliant patients had complications in comparison with 46.3% of the non-compliant patients. While the compliance rate was reasonable, 36.8% of patients were non-compliant because they could not afford to buy antihypertensive drugs. Inability to buy drugs was negatively and significantly associated with compliance. These patients experienced uncontrolled blood pressure and other complications.