Comparison of Placental Growth Factor Levels in Maternal Serum at Early Pregnancy between Normotensive Pregnant Women and Patients with Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy.

Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is a major public health problem worldwide. Pre-eclampsia and its complications are frequent causes for maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing countries. In preeclampsia some angiogenic factors like PlGF (Placental growth factor), VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) etc. are assumed to be low in maternal serum. This prospective cohort study was carried out including 134 pregnant women with early gestation (15-20wks) attending the Feto-Maternal Medicine OPD of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2015 to April 2015. Maternal serum was taken for measurement of PlGF by ELISA technique and values were converted to Multiples of Median (MoM) for their specific gestational age. The subjects were regularly followed up till delivery by measuring blood pressure and testing urine for protein by heat coagulation method. Hypertension was diagnosed if blood pressure found to be more than or equal 140/90mm of Hg and preeclampsia was labeled when proteinuria associated with it. Patients' information was kept in a prepared data sheet. The mean age of the patients was 25.7±5.57 years, mean BMI was 22.42±3.23. The incidence of Hypertensive disorder was 6.72% among them Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) was 2.98% and Preeclampsia (PE) was 3.9%. The mean age of hypertensive patients was 30.6±5.16 years and BMI was 26.92±1.54. The mean value of PlGF in normotensive women was 1.17±0.67 MoM, PIH patients were 0.66±0.41 MoM and PE patients were 0.65±0.30MoM. The comparison of mean values between Normotensive with PIH (p value 0.023) and Normotensive with PE (p value 0.014) both were found significant. From the current study and also from previous studies we can summarize that the level of PlGF become reduced significantly in pregnant women who will later on develop Hypertensive disorders.

Distribution, Management Difficulty and Outcome of Branchial Anomalies.

Branchial arch anomalies are one of the most common congenital anomalies of the neck. Developmental anomalies of the branchial apparatus account for 17% of all pediatric cervical masses. This study aimed to focus on proper diagnosis of branchial anomaly and describe occurrence, presentation, management and outcome of usual and unusual types. This ten-year prospective observational study was conducted from November 2005 to November 2015 including 2-year postoperative follow-up of the patients in Department of ENT, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total 89 patients were enrolled for this study. Information was recorded on Clinical examination, relevant investigation, Per-operative findings and Histo-pathological findings. After receiving Histo-pathological findings 61 cases were proved as branchial arch anomalies. Ultrasonography and Histopathology was done for every patient. Fistulogram and sinogram was done for patient of fistula and sinus respectively. CT scan was needed for 9 patients, MRI for 3 patients and 12 patient undergone FNAC. Outcomes of those patients were described in terms of Hospital stay, Complications and Follow up studies. Data analysis was done by Standard Statistical Method.Presentation of a number of participant's mimics Branchial arch anomalies; 4.91% was syndromal. Second branchial arch anomalies were the highest. Management was exclusively surgical. Recurrence rate was about 6.56%. Surgery is the tool for diagnosis, treatment, preventing complications, avoiding carcinoma for branchial arch anomalies.

Comparison of Consanguinity between Parents of Hearing Impaired and Public School Children with Estimation of Risk.

Deafness is the hidden disability and the most common human sensory defects which lead to poor educational and employment prospects of childhood. Is there any association of consanguinity and hearing loss or are there any difference of association of consanguinity and hearing loss in specialized and public school children and how much risk is associated?--were the research questions of this study. Total 428 participants have been selected randomly. Hearing impaired were 186 participants and 242 participants were normal hearing school boy. This was a case control, analytical, hypotheses testing study. In normal public school children group, consanguinity was present in 2.5% parents. The rest were married with non relatives. In parents of hearing impaired children group, consanguinity was very high (17.2%). Pearson chi-square test and Odds ratio analysis was done. The value was less than 0.05 and ratio was 8.173. The 'p' value of Pearson chi-square test was less than 0.05. So, the test was highly significant at 95% confidence interval. Odds ratio showed that the risk of profound sensorineural hearing loss in the baby of parents of consanguineous marriages 8.173 times higher than that of non consanguineous marriages.