[On the treatment of dacryocanaliculitis]. / K voprosu lecheniia dakriokanalikulita.

The proposed method for treating dacryocanaliculitis consists in removal of the pathological contents blocking the lumen of the involved canaliculus. The operation is similar to activation of the lacrimal canal. Canalicular wall mucosa is treated with silver nitrate or iodine through a special probe applicator. Forty-two patients were treated by this method with good results.

[On classification of lacrimal duct diseases]. / K voprosu klassifikatsii boleznei slezootvodiashchikh putei.

The new classification of diseases of the lacrimal duct is based on the anatomic localization and origin of the pathological process, its clinical pattern, type of inflammation, and main complications. Special attention is paid to the terms.

[A method of forming a rhinostoma in case of the stenosed lumen of the lacrimal sac]. / Sposob formirovaniia rinostomy pri uzkom prosvete sleznogo meshka.

A new method for the formation of a rhinostoma in patients with stenosed lumen of the lacrimal sac is proposed. It consists in the following: the incision of the soft tissues and the opening in the bone are made as low as possible to be closer to the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct is used for the formation of a rhinostoma. Seventy-two operations were performed in patients with stenosed lumen of the lacrimal sac: 32 using sparing dacryocystorhinostomy (group 1) and 40 using the proposed technique (group 2). The results of 66 operations (30 in group 1 and 36 in group 2) were observed in remote periods (from 8 months to 9 years). In group 1 complete effect was attained in 20 out of 30 cases (66.7%), in group 2 in 33 out of 36 (91.6%). Hence, the proposed method for the formation of rhinostoma is highly effective.

[X-ray anatomy of lacrimal canaliculi]. / Rentgenoanatomiia sleznykh kanal'tsev.

Contrast roentgenography of the lacrimal duct using bismuth suspension in 30% iodolipol solution in 2:1 ratio was carried out in 48 patients aged 24 to 62, 26 of them women and 22 men. The mean length of the vertical part of the lacrimal canaliculi, both inferior and superior, was found to be 2 mm (from 1.7 to 2.2 mm), the length of the horizontal portion of the lower lacrimal canaliculus 10 mm (from 7 to 13 mm), and that of the horizontal fragment of the upper lacrimal canaliculus 9 mm (from 6 to 12 mm). The mean length of the common part of the lacrimal canaliculi (after fusion of the two canaliculi in one) was 3 mm (from 1 to 5 mm). All the examinees had a common portion of the canaliculus. The mean total length of the lower lacrimal canaliculus was 14 mm (from 11 to 17 mm), that of the upper one 13 mm (from 10 to 16 mm).

[Ocular function in beta-thalassemia patients]. / Sostoianie organa zreniia bol'nykh beta-talassemiei.

The eyes were examined in 118 inpatients with various thalassemia forms. The examinations included viso- and perimetry, biomicro- and ophthalmoscopy, fluorescent angiography of the fundus oculi and retinophotography. Patients with thalassemia were found to develop a variety of changes in the eye, whose manifestations depended on the length and severity of the underlying disease and on the treatment administered. Changes in the conjunctival and retinal vessels develop as early as in the initial stages of thalassemia, presenting as twisting, dilatation, and irregular calibre of the veins, dilatation of the arteries and reduction of their light reflex. Later dystrophic and atrophic changes develop: obliteration of the iris pattern and thinning of its peripheral zone, deterioration of blood circulation in the central retinal zone. Multiple blood transfusions and hemosiderosis lead to the development of hyperpigmentation of the limb, sclera, fundus oculi and appearance of retinal angioid strips. These findings should be taken into consideration when assessing the ocular status of thalassemia patients and defining the indications for treatment for angiopathic and dystrophic processes in the eye.

[Our experience with the complex treatment of phlegmon of the lacrimal sac]. / Nash opyt kompleksnogo lecheniia flegmony sleznogo meshka.

Eighty-nine patients with lacrimal sac phlegmons, 76 women and 13 men, aged 16 to 78, were administered multiple-modality treatment, consisting in Group 1 (43 patients) of traditional methods, such as UHF therapy, antibiotics, sulfonamides, symptomatic therapy, dacryocystorhinostomy after complete cessation of inflammation, and in group 2 (46 patients) including sessions of intermittent magnetic field (IMF) exposure, antibiotics, and early dacryocystorhinostomy. Sparing technique was used in all operations, carried out under local anesthesia with 2% procaine or trimecaine. IMF exposure was found to be an effective therapeutic means characterized by antiinflammatory, resolving, and analgesic effects. IMF sessions and early dacryocystorhinostomy enhance cessation of inflammation and improve the treatment efficacy: remote results of surgery were excellent in 80% of Group 1 patients and in 90.9% of Group 2 patients; As a results of IMF exposure, the terms of medical and social rehabilitation of patients with the lacrimal sac phlegmons were reduced twofold.

[Changes in the organ of vision in beta-thalassemia: clinical and morphologic parallels]. / Izmeneniia organa zreniia pri beta-talassemii: kliniko-morfologicheskie paralleli.

Ophthalmologic examination and morphologic investigations of the spleen were conducted in 10 patients with beta-thalassemia. Pathologic changes of vascular and dystrophic character were detected in the organ of vision, symptoms of angiopathy, hemosiderosis and spleno-cirrhosis were recorded in the spleen tissue. Clinical changes in the organ of vision were correlated with morphological shifts in the spleen tissue. A conclusion has been made that ophthalmologic examination of thalassemia patients could be useful for evaluation of severity of the main disease and effectiveness of the treatment conducted.

[Lacrimal sac hydrops: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, treatment]. / Gidrops sleznogo meshka: étiologiia, patogenez, klinicheskaia kartina, lechenie.

Thirty-three patients (35 observations) with lacrimal sac hydrops, aged 16 to 84, 31 females and 2 male ones, were examined and operated on. The condition was bilateral in 2 patients. The studies have revealed that lacrimal sac hydrops may develop in chronic dacryocystitis in various periods of this conditions, starting from 2-3 months up to 5-7 years. In 25 cases the condition developed because of lacrimal canaliculi orifice blocking, in 10 because of canalicular orifice obliteration. In 30 patients yellowish-white viscous stinking purulent discharge was found in the lacrimal sac closed cavity, in 5 mucous-serous fluid. Present-day surgical methods have proved to be highly effective in the management of hydrops. In 10 patients with canalicular orifice obliteration canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy was carried out with temporary silicone tube intubation of the canaliculus; remote results were completely successful in 8 patients and partially effective in 2. In the rest 25 cases dacryocystorhinostomy was carried out with completely effective remote results in all the patients.

[The characteristics of the course of diabetic retinopathy in myopia]. / Osobennosti techeniia diabeticheskoi retinopatii pri blizorukosti.

A total of 220 diabetics (428 eyes) aged 16 to 79, 144 females and 76 males, have been examined to define the incidence rate and the clinical manifestations of diabetic involvement of the retina. There were 88 eyes with myopia, 142 with hypermetropia, and 198 with emmetropia. Diabetic changes of the retina were detected in 40.9% of myopic refraction cases, in 65.2% of emmetropia and in 70.4% of hypermetropia cases. The severity of the involvement was lesser in myopia than in other types of refraction. In medium-severity myopia no proliferative stages of diabetic retinopathy were observed, and in high myopia (10 eyes) no diabetic involvements of the fundus oculi were revealed. In anisometropia diabetic symptoms on the myopic side were either absent or poorly manifest. These findings point to the role of intraocular status in the pathogenesis of diabetic involvement of the retina and their progress.

[The effect of styrene and tetrachloroethylene on electrical activity of the retina]. / Vliianie stirola i tetrakhlorétilena na élektricheskuiu aktivnost' setchatki.

Clinical investigations of ERG of 202 workers having a contact, during a process of production, with styrole and tetrachlorethylene vapours and of 50 workers having no such a contact as well as experimental investigations of ERG of isolated retina of a guinea-pig (n = 50) subjected to the action of these substances have shown that the action of styrole and tetrachlorethylene leads to a fall of electric activity of the retina. Functional changes develop both in photoreceptors and neuronal elements of the retina. These changes are directly proportional to the degree of styrole and tetrachlorethylene actions and can serve as an early sign of intoxication of the body.