Effect of Chemically Transformed Macrocyclic Polyene Antibiotics on Tumor Cells.

Comparative analysis of the effects of chemically transformed polyene antibiotics pimaricin, nystatin, lucensomycin, amphotericin B, and levorin on biological objects in vivo and in vitro revealed the greatest biological activity of original amphotericin B and levorin with its derivatives. The study also examined the effects of alkyl derivatives of amphotericin B and levorin modified in certain parts of the lactone ring on the lipid and biological membranes. It is established that methylated levorin possesses larger biological activity than the original antibiotic. Examination of the effects of alkyl derivatives of levorin and amphotericin B on cell cultures C6 (rat glioma) and HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) in vitro revealed the antitumor action of methylated levorin and original amphotericin B.

[IMMUNOMORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BACTERIAL SENSITIZATION IN THE EXPERIMENT].

This study investigates the morphological structure of lungs, liver and kidneys of the experimental animals. To reproduce the inflammation in maxilla-facial region under the periosteum of guinea pigs' mandible a suspension of S.aureus was inoculated. The infected site was exposed by a constant electric current of positive polarity of 5-10 µA strength. Allergotests were used to determine the level of sensitization. Structural changes in the organs were determined by microscopic examination. The results of the study showed that as the contact with the antigen increased, the number of positive allergic tests also increased. Histologically, a generalized damage to the microstructure of the internal organs, depending on the degree of bacterial sensitization of the animals was observed.

[STRUCTURE OF THE SPLEEN AT CHRONIC INTOXICATION OF THE ORGANISM BY SODIUM TETRABORATE AND AFTER INTOXICATION].

The structure of a spleen of 110 white not purebred rats - males (10 intact, 50 control, 50 experimental) at chronic intoxication by sodium tetraborate and the after intoxication period - the 7, 14, 30 and 60 days were studied. Chronic impact of sodium tetraborate on an organism resulted into increase in the relative weight of a spleen in comparison with body weight that led to increase in weight coefficient of a spleen. Increase in the relative area of all functional zones (periarterial zone, the germinal center, mantle and marginal zones) of lymphoid slug of a white pulp is established. Decrease of an index a red/white pulp, as a result of increase of the area of a white pulp in response to chronic intoxication of an organism is revealed. During the after intoxication period as a result of decrease in immune tension there occured decrease of body weight and decrease in the area of a white pulp. During this period there was a reliable decrease of the area of lymphoid slug and decrease in the area of its functional zones (a periarterial zone, the center of manifolding, mantle and marginal zones).

[Red blood cells hemolysis under combined action of ultrasonic waves and polyene antibiotics].

Ultrasonic and induced hemolysis of red blood cells in the presence of alkyl derivatives of amphotericin B and levorin modified by the amino and carboxy groups was investigated. Amphotericin B derivatives such as metamphocin, ethamphocin and carboamphocin and levorin derivatives such as levoridon, isolevoridon and carbolevoridon were shown to have their own hemolytic activity in isotonic medium at concentrations of 10(-5) - 10(-4) M in erythrocyte suspension. The exposure of erythromycytes to pure dimethylsulfoxide (0.1-30%), the main solvent of polyene antibiotics, as well as to propamphocin and butamphocin did not induce hemolysis and had a stabilizing action an red blood cells during the ultrasonic hemolysis. It was suggested that changing of the mechanical strength of erythrocytes under the action of the polyenes was likely associated with impairment of microviscosity of the protein-lipid system of the erythrocyte membranes due to formation of structural ionic channels of molecular size.

[Indicators of iron metabolism in pregnant women and infants]. / Pokazateli metabolizma zheleza u beremennykh zhenshchin i detei rannego vozrasta.

Iron metabolism parameters were studied in pregnant women in time course of trimesters depending on the pregnancy character and in newborns and infants in relation to the antenatal period. The dynamic study of serum and erythrocytic ferritins has confirmed the expediency of iron therapy during pregnancy for prevention of iron deficiency in infants. Differences detected in the rate of using iron reserves by infants of the first year of life depending on the antenatal period character have necessitated an individual approach to preventive iron therapy.

[Erythrocytic ferritin in pregnant women and infants in the first year of life]. / Eritrotsitarnyi ferritin u beremennykh zhenshchin i detei rannego vozrasta.

Erythrocytic ferritin levels were followed up in pregnant women with reference to its course, in newborns, and in infants during the first year of life. It is shown that the level of erythrocytic ferritin remains high enough in women with complicated pregnancy attended by a sharp reduction of iron reserves. No clear dependence of erythrocytic ferritin concentration on the character of the antenatal period course was observed in infants. The highest values of erythrocytic ferritin parameters were recorded by the first month and they decreased constantly by the first year of life.

[Hemolytic resistance of erythrocytes in the development of experimental tumors]. / Gemoliticheskaia ustoichivost' éritrotsitov pri razvitii éksperimental'nykh opukholei.

Peculiarities of variations in the mechanical resistance of erythrocytes from mice with tumours were studied depending on the growth stage of tumours (lymphoma NK/Ly and sarcoma S-37). The accumulation of erythrocytes with the increased mechanical resistance at the stage of rapid tumour development (on the 4 to 6th days) was revealed by the kinetic method of ultrasonic haemolysis. Quantitative parameters of ultrasonic haemolytic resistance of erythrocytes from normal and tumour-bearing mice were used as criteria for the red blood cell changes depending on the cell age in blood. The increase of haemolytic resistance at the rapid stage of tumour growth may be caused by a higher number of "young" erythrocytes in blood. Ultrasonic haemolytic resistance increases when there is no changes in the erythrocyte quantity and hemoglobin concentration. The kinetic study of ultrasonic haemolysis of the erythrocytes isolated from peripheric blood permits estimating the reaction of the blood forming organs to the origin and development of tumours.

[Effect of chlorine-containing pesticides on the hemolytic stability and acetylcholinesterase activity of erythrocytes]. / Vliianie nekotorykh khlorsoderzhashchikh pestitsidov na gemoliticheskuiu ustoichivost' i atsetilkholinésteraznuiu aktivnost' éritrotsitov.

The hemolytic action of the chlorine-containing pesticides, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), pentachlorophenolate (PCP), chlorophos and pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) on red cells was studied, as were their effects on acetylcholinesterase activity and resistance of red cells to mechanical hemolysis by ultrasound. The modifying action of pesticides on red cell membranes was shown to lead to their mechanical resistance. TCA, PCP and chlorophos were found to sensitize red cells whereas PCNB to make them resistant to the mechanical action of ultrasound. The kinetic characteristics of the structural functional disorders of red cells might be used as quantitative criteria of the efficacy of the action of pesticides on the cells.

[Ultrasonic hemolysis of normal and pathological erythrocytes]. / Izuchenie ul'trazvukovogo gemoliza éritrotsitov v norme i pri patologii.

The kinetic method of the investigation of erythrocyte haemolysis normal and at different tumour pathologies by ultrasound was developed. The quantitative parameters of the mechanical resistance of erythrocytes were studied (time and velocity of haemolysis, time of half-destruction, the distribution of erythrocytes by their haemolytic resistance). The studied parameters differ between the normal state and the tumour in organism. The analysis of the differential distribution of erythrocytes by their resistance to ultrasonic haemolysis revealed the occurrence in the patient's blood of erythrocytes with increased resistance ("young" erythrocytes). The mechanical resistance of the erythrocytes at pathology was shown to increase as compared with the normal state. The differences in the effective constants of ultrasonic haemolysis velocity were estimated for the normal state and for different tumours. They are caused by the changes in visco-elastic properties of red blood cells.