ABSTRACT
The lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) was isolated from milled wood lignin of 2- and 24-month-old crude bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis) culms using acetic acid (AcOH) and then characterized. The results have shown that the LCC preparation from 2-month-old bamboo (L2) exhibited a slightly lower molecular weight than the LCC preparation from the 24-month-old bamboo (L24). Further studies using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D-HSQC) NMR spectra analyses indicate that the LCC preparations included glucuronoarabinoxylan and G-S-H lignin-type with G>S>>H. The content of the S lignin units of LCC in the mature bamboo was always higher than in the young bamboo. Combined with sugar composition analysis, the contents of phenyl glycoside and ether linkages in the L24 preparation were higher than in the L2 preparation; however, there was a reverse relationship of ester LCC bonds in L2 and L24. Lignin-xylan was the main type of LCC linkage in bamboo LCCs. Lignin-lignin linkages in the LCC preparations included ß-ß, ß-5 and ß-1 carbon-to-carbon, as well as ß-O-4 ether linkages, but ß-1 linkages were not present in L2.
Subject(s)
Bambusa/chemistry , Carbohydrates/chemistry , Lignin/chemistry , Macromolecular Substances/chemistry , Wood/chemistry , Acetic Acid/chemistry , Carbohydrate Conformation , Molecular Structure , Molecular Weight , Xylans/chemistryABSTRACT
This paper reported the coupling technique of Ag island film-enhanced fluorescence with rare earth co-luminescence effect of Tb-Gd-sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)-protein system. While the collagen is used as the separator between Ag island film and the fluorophore because it not only can decrease the fluorescence of the blank, but also can promote the adsorption of other proteins and change the conformation of the protein. The effects of Ag island film on both the fluorescence and resonance energy transfer process of Tb-Gd-SDBS-protein system are studied, finding that Ag island film can enhance the energy transfer efficiency of this system, resulting in fluorescence enhancement about tenfold compared with this system without Ag island film. Therefore, this technique is used for the detection of proteins as low as 0.72 ng/mL for BSA and 1.3 ng/mL for HSA. In addition, Ag island film can also change the energy transfer process of Tb-SDBS-protein system.
Subject(s)
Benzenesulfonates/chemistry , Gadolinium/chemistry , Luminescence , Proteins/analysis , Silver/chemistry , Terbium/chemistry , Animals , Cattle , Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The degradation product of penicillin G potassium can react with potassium permanganate in acidic medium and produce chemiluminescence, which is greatly enhanced by formaldehyde. The optimum conditions for this chemiluminescent reaction were studied in detail using a flow-injection system. The experiments indicated that under optimum conditions, the chemiluminescence intensity was linearly related to the concentration of penicillin G potassium within the range 1.0 x 10(-7)-1.0 x 10(-5) g/mL, with a detection limit (3sigma) of 7 x 10(-8) g/mL. The relative standard deviation was 1.0% for 4.0 x 10(-7) g/mL penicillin G potassium solution (n = 11). This method has the advantages of simple operation, fast response and high sensitivity. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of penicillin G potassium in raw medicines.
Subject(s)
Flow Injection Analysis/methods , Luminescent Measurements/methods , Penicillin G/chemistry , Potassium/analysis , Formaldehyde/chemistry , Hot Temperature , Hydrochloric Acid/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Molecular Structure , Penicillin G/metabolism , Potassium/chemistry , Potassium Permanganate/chemistry , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sodium Hydroxide/chemistryABSTRACT
It was found that amoxycillin can react with potassium permanganate in an acidic medium to produce chemiluminescence, which is greatly enhanced by formaldehyde. The optimum conditions for this chemiluminescent reaction were studied in detail using a flow-injection system. The experimental results indicate that, under optimum conditions, the chemiluminescence intensity is linearly related to the concentration of amoxycillin in the range 5.48 x 10(-8)-2.74 x 10(-6) mol/L, with a detection limit (3sigma) of 4.1 x 10(-8) mol/L. The relative standard deviation was 1.0% at 1.1 x 10(-6) mol/L amoxycillin (n = 11 measurements). This method has the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response and ease of operation. The method was successfully applied to the determination of amoxycillin in raw medicines and capsules.
