The clinical applications of D-type parastomal hernia repair surgery.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the use of a modified laparoscopic repair of paraostomy hernia technique, called "D-Type parastomal hernia repair surgery" which combines abdominal wall and extraperitoneal stoma reconstruction, in patients with parastomal hernia (PSH) following colorectal stoma surgery. The aim was to determine whether D-type parastomal hernia repair surgery is a promising surgical approach compared to the traditional laparoscopic repair technique (Sugarbaker method) for patients with PSH. METHODS: PSH patients were selected and retrospectively divided into two groups: the study group underwent D-type parastomal hernia repair, while the control group underwent laparoscopic Sugarbaker repair. Clinical data from both groups were analyzed. RESULT: Compared to control group (n = 68), the study group undergoing D-type stoma lateral hernia repair had significant increase in total operative time (98.82 ± 12.37 min vs 124.61 ± 34.99 min, p < 0.001). The study group also showed better postoperative stoma bowel function scores in sensory ability, frequency of bowel movements, and clothing cleanliness without a stoma bag (p = 0.037, 0.001, 0.002). The treatment cost was significantly higher in the control group (3899.97 ± 260.00$ vs 3215.91 ± 230.03$, p < 0.001). The postoperative recurrence rate in the control group was 26.4%, while in the study group, it was 4.3%, with a significant statistical difference (p = 0.024). In terms of long-term postoperative complications, the study group had an overall lower incidence compared to the control group (p = 0.035). Other parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that D-type parastomal hernia repair surgery is a safe and feasible procedure. Compared to traditional surgery, it can reduce the recurrence of lateral hernia, improve postoperative stoma bowel function, and save medical resources.

Comparison of different dosages of propofol combined with its equivalent alfentanil in outpatient abortion: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at determining the optimal dose combination of alfentanil and propofol for outpatient abortion anesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was separated into two parts. In the first part, patients were to determine the median effective dose (ED50) and the 95% effective dose (ED95) of alfentanil in combination with 2.5 mg·kg-1 propofol to inhibit body movements during the abortion using the Dixon up-and-down sequential allocation method. In the second part, 170 patients were randomly divided into group C (2.0 mg·kg-1 propofol with alfentanil 12.16 µg·kg-1) and group E (2.5 mg·kg-1 propofol with its ED95) to compare the anesthetic effect. The primary outcome was the sedation level during general anesthesia. The secondary outcomes were circulation, respiratory complications, and postoperative recovery quality. RESULTS: The ED50 and the ED95 values of alfentanil were 3.37 µg·kg-1 (95% CI: 2.58-3.97 µg·kg-1) and 4.68 µg·kg-1 (95% CI: 4.04-9.32 µg·kg-1). The frequency of deep sedation in group E was significantly higher than in group C (76.5% vs. 60%). Patients in group C showed more wakefulness even during the surgery (14.3% vs. 4.4%). The results of our exploratory analyses did not reveal differences in respiratory depression, circulatory depression, postoperative side effects, or recovery outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of 2.5 mg·kg-1 propofol and 4.68 µg·kg-1 alfentanil produces a better sedative effect than the combination of 2.0 mg·kg-1 propofol and 12.16 µg·kg-1 alfentanil without increasing additional risks associated with anesthesia.

[A multicenter study to test the reliability and validity of the frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia and to evaluate the value of clinical application].

Objectives: To verify the reliability and validity of the frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia and to evaluate the value of its clinical application. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to collect 129 geriatric patients who underwent inguinal hernia surgery from January 2018 to January 2023 in nine hospitals in Liaoning Province. There were 120 males and 9 females, of whom 89 patients were 60 to <75 years old, 33 patients were 75 to <85 years old and 7 patients were ≥85 years old. The 129 patients included 11 elderly patients with inguinal hernia who had recovered from preoperative infection with COVID-19. Statistical methods such as Cronbach's coefficient, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, Bartlett's test, Pearson's correlation analysis, etc. were calculated to verify the reliability indexes such as feasibility, content validity, structural validity, criterion-related validity, internal consistency reliability, and re-test reliability. Taking the 5-item modified frailty index (5-mFI) as the gold standard, the area under the curve was used to analyze the ability of the two scales to predict the occurrence of postoperative acute urinary retention, postoperative delirium, poor incision healing, operative hematoma seroma, and postoperative complications. Results: The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia showed good reliability and validity (valid completion rate of 99.2%; item content validity index of 1.000, and the scale content validity index of 1.000; exploratory factor analysis extracted a total of 1 principal component, and factor loadings of each item of 0.565 to 0.873; the AUC for frailty diagnosis using 5-mFI as the gold standard of 0.795 (P<0.01) Cronbach's coefficient of 0.916, retest reliability coefficient of 0.926), it could effectively predict postoperative acute urinary retention, delirium, hematoma seroma in the operative area and total complications (AUC of 0.746, 0.870, 0.806, and 0.738, respectively; all P<0.05), and prediction efficiency was higher than that of 5-mFI (AUC of 0.694, 0.838, 0.626 and 0.641, P<0.05 for delirium only), but both scales were inaccurate in predicting poor incision healing (AUC of 0.519, P=0.913 for the frailty assessment scale and 0.455, P=0.791 for the 5-mFI). Conclusions: The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia is reliable and significantly predicts the occurrence of postoperative adverse events in elderly inguinal hernia patients. The scale can also be used for preoperative frailty assessment in elderly patients with inguinal hernia after rehabilitation from COVID-19 infection.

[Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection under low-level viremia].

Low-level viremia (LLV) is a hot and difficult topic that has gradually attracted attention in the field of chronic hepatitis B for evaluating antiviral therapy response in recent years. The presence of LLV may increase drug-resistant mutations, the progression of liver fibrosis, and potentially the development of liver cancer following antiviral therapy. Natural history of chronic HBV infection patients also have LLV, but it is unclear whether these patients are also at risk of disease progression, what the risk is, and whether early antiviral therapy is necessary and beneficial. Therefore, this article provides a reference for the all-encompassing management of this group of patients by reviewing the prevalence and impact of LLV in chronically HBV-infected patients' natural histories.

[Solid placental transmogrification of the lung: A case report and literature review].

Placental transmogrification of the lung (PTL) is a very rare benign lung lesion. There are only about 40 cases reported in the literature. The imaging and histological features of PTL cases in the publication are various, most of which are cystic and a few of which are solid. Being extremely rare, the solid PTL is unknown to major pathologists and surgeons. We reported a case of solid PTL in the anterior mediastinum. The patient was a 52-year-old male with no history of smoking and without symptoms. During physical examination, chest CT revealed a circular low-density lesion with a maximum diameter of 2.9 cm beside the spine in the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe of the lung. The wedge resection was performed by video-assisted thoracoscopy. Grossly, a round nodule was located underneath the visceral pleura. It was about 3.0 cm×3.0 cm×1.6 cm and the cut surface was grey-red, soft and spongy. Microscopically, the nodule was constituted of papillare, which resembled placental villi at low magnification. The axis of papillae was edema, in which some mild round cells with clear cytoplasm and CD10 positive staining aggregated and transitioned to immature adipocytes and amorphous pink materials deposited with a few of inflammatory cells infiltration. The surface of papillae was covered with disconti-nuous alveolar epithelium. Combined with the typical morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of CD10 positive, the diagnosis was PTL. The patient was followed up for 1 year without recurrence and discomfort. So far, the pathogenesis of PTL is unclear. The major hypotheses include hamartoma, variant of emphysema and clonal hyperplasia of stromal cells. Based on the study of our case and publication, we speculate that the hyperplasia of stromal cells located in the alveolar septa might be the first step to form the solid PTL. With the progression of the disease, a typical unilateral cystic nodule develops as a result of secondary cystic degeneration due to the occlusive valve effect. Surgery is the only option for diagnosis and treatment of PTL. The clinician should make an individualized operation plan according to the clinical manifestations, location and scope of the lesion, and preserve the surrounding normal lung tissue as much as possible while completely removing the lesion. There is a favorable prognosis.

[Design of wearable auxiliary device based on upper limb lifting workers and ergonomics simulation analysis].

In order to solve the problem of high incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in upper limb lifting workers, a wearable auxiliary device which could be used in upper limb lifting operation was designed. The auxiliary device could be used in upper limb lifting through torsion spring device to reduce the tension of the arm muscles. The back bracket could be adjusted to adapt to the wearers of different height. The 3D model of the auxiliary device was constructed by using SoildWorks software. And the relative position and constraint between the auxiliary device and the digital simulation human were adjusted by using Jack as the main simulation tool. And then the virtual model of upper limb lifting were simulated and analyzed. Through the comparison of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scale, Krist comfort score and simulation results of two-handed reachable domain before and after wearing the auxiliary device, which proved that the wearable auxiliary device could reduce the risk of WMSDs in upper limb lifting workers.

[Transcriptomics study of coronary slow flow disease and verification of differentially expressed genes].

Objective: To determine the differentially expressed genes between patients with coronary slow flow (SCF) and healthy controls, as well as to define the signal pathways and protein interactions related to the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods: A total of 43 hospitalized SCF patients in the year of 2018 and 43 healthy subjects, who underwent health checkup in the same year, were enrolled in this study. General data were obtained, blood samples were collected to determine the related indicators of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and kidney metabolism. RNA was extracted from blood monocytes, and the differential gene expression profiles were investigated by RNA-Seq. GO function annotation, KEGG pathway enrichment, protein interaction network analysis (PPI) and phenotype analysis were performed. The levels of related cytokines were detected by ELISA, and qPCR was used to verify differentially expressed genes of the two groups. Results: In the SCF group, there were 27 (62.79%) males and 16 females (37.21%), the average age was (54.3±8.8) years. In the control group, there were 29 males (67.44%) and 14 females (31.56%), the average age was (57.2±8.3) years. The percent of smoking history, abnormal fasting blood glucose, abnormal blood lipid levels and body mass index were significantly higher in the SCF group than in the control group (all P<0.01). There were 117 differentially expressed genes between SCF patients and healthy controls, of which 73 were up-regulated and 44 were down-regulated. Biological function analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that these genes were mainly related to antigen processing and presentation, cell phagocytosis, immunoglobulin, intestinal immune network, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation and Th17 cell differentiation pathways. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were significantly higher in SCF patients than in healthy controls (all P<0.05). Among the top 12 genes with the most significant differences between the two groups, qPCR analysis indicated consistent results with the transcriptome results in 11 out of 12 genes. PPI analysis showed that FPR2 and THBS3 proteins were at the core of the entire protein interaction network. Conclusion: Genes such as FPR2 and THBS3 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of SCF through immune-related pathways such as antigen processing and presentation and Th17 cell differentiation.

[Analysis of clinical characteristics of 481 HBV-related liver cirrhotic patients with low viral load].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of HBV-related liver cirrhotic patients with low viral load. Methods: A retrospective analysis on 481 inpatients with HBV-related cirrhosis with low viral load [HBV DNA≤2 000 IU/ml (10(4) copies/ml)] general condition, virological indicators, liver function-related indicators, complications, and incidence of complications were analyzed. The t-test was used to compare the average measurement data, and the χ (2) test was used to compare the count data. Results: 481 cases were mainly male (male/female: 324/157), aged 20-83 (53.31 ± 11.67) years old. Han nationality accounted for 71.518%. 386 cases were HBsAg positive. 391 cases were HBeAg positive, and 140 cases were HBV DNA positive. The average value of bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, platelets, and prothrombin were 50.59 ± 91.25 (µmol/L), 33.68 ± 7.5 (g/L), and 60.66 ± 106.95(U/L), 63.37 ± 86.19(U/L), 106.65 ± 83.22(×10(9)/L), 68.82% ± 25.33%, respectively. CTP class A/B/C had 220/150/111 cases. The average values of CTP, MELD, APRI and FIB-4 were 7.61 ± 2.58, 10.98 ± 5.79, 2.34 ± 3.56, 6.91 ± 8.04, respectively. The overall incidence of complications in HBV-related cirrhotic patients with low viral load, HBV DNA negative, HBV DNA positive, HBsAg negative, and HBsAg positive were 80.0%, 82.7%, 73.6%, 85.3%, and 78.8%, respectively. Among them, 283 cases (58.84%), 197 cases (55.77%), 86 cases (61.43%), 52 cases (54.74%) and 231 cases (59.84%) were of hypersplenism, and 267 cases (55.51%), 197 cases (55.77%), 70 cases (50.00%), 56 cases (58.95%), and 211 cases (54.66%) were of esophagogastric varices. There were 59 cases (12.27%), 48 cases (14.08%), 11 cases (7.86%), 12 cases (12.63%), and 47 cases (12.18%) of rupture of esophageal and gastric varices, respectively. 202 cases (42.00%), 147 cases (43.11%), 55 cases (39.29%), 42 cases (44.21%), and 160 cases (41.45%) were of ascites, respectively. 17 cases (3.53%), 12 cases (3.52%), 5 cases (3.5%), 2 cases (2.11%), 15 (3.89%) cases were of hepatic encephalopathy, respectively. There were 6 cases (1.25%), 3 cases (0.88%), 3 cases (2.14%), 0 cases (0%), 6 cases (1.55%) of liver cancer. 29 cases (6.03%), 21 cases (6.16%), 8 cases (5.71%), 9 cases (9.47%) and 20 cases (5.18%) were of portal vein thrombosis. Compared with the overall incidence of complications, 341 HBV DNA-negative patients and 95 HBsAg-negative patients still had higher incidence of complications. The patients were grouped by age, and in < 40 years old, 40-50 years old, and > 50 years old, the overall complications were 80.8% in 42 cases, 76.8% in 116 cases and 81.7% in 227 cases, and the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: HBV infection patients with low viral load, and those whose HBsAg has disappeared, are still at risk of developing liver cirrhosis and even serious complications, and whether such population need antiviral therapy and benefit from it deserves further research.

[The diagnostic value of flow cytometry in patients with lymphoma associated hemophagocytic syndrome].

Objective: To evaluate the reliability of flow cytometry (FCM) for diagnosing lymphoma associated hemophagocytic syndrome (LAHS). Method: The clinical data in 57 patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)were retrospective analyzed at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from July 2010 to July 2019. All patients were performed bone marrow FCM and bone marrow pathological examination before final diagnoses were made. The golden diagnosis criterion was based on clinical, biochemical and histopathological evidence, which was regarded as the standard to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of FCM analysis in diagnosing LAHS. Results: Among 57 cases, 36 cases were eventually diagnosed with LAHS, including 15 B-cell lymphoma(14 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1 B-cell lymphoma with reactive T-cell hyperplasia), 13 aggressive NK/T cell lymphoma/leukemia, 2 cases of gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma, 4 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, 1 enteropathy-associated peripheral T-cell lymphoma and 1 anaplastic T-cell lymphoma. Lymphoma cells in bone marrow were detected in all patients by FCM except one ENTCL patient. The sensitivity and the specificity of FCM in LASH compared to bone marrow biopsy were 97.2%(P=0.014)and 90.5%(P=0.488) respectively. In the other 21 non-LAHS patients, T cell receptor Vß (TCRVß) rearrangement was detected in 2 patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated primary HLH. Conclusions: FCM effectively detects lymphoma cells in bone marrow of lymphoma patients with LHL, suggesting that FCM could be an important indicator for the diagnosis of LAHS. FCM also has the advantage in differentiating LAHS from other HLH.

Notch signaling is involved in regulation of LPS-induced macrophage apoptosis through JNK/NF-kB signaling pathway.

Notch signaling plays a critical role in the development and function of macrophages. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Notch signaling pathway and macrophage apoptosis after LPS stimulation. In RAW 264.7 cells, the mRNA expression of Jagged1, Hes1, Hes 5 and GM-CSF, and protein expression of NICD1 and GM-CSF were increased after LPS stimulation. Inhibition of Notch signaling by γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and the suppression of Notch1 expression using siRNA both significantly prevented LPS induced activation of JNK and NF-kB, and simultaneously the expression of GM-CSF was also down regulated significantly. JNK inhibitor SP600125 was used to block the phosphorylation of JNK signaling, Western blot results showed that the activation of NF-kB was blocked and expression of GM-CSF was down-regulated. Finally, flow cytometry analyses showed that the Notch signaling was involved in the regulation of macrophage apoptosis after LPS stimulation. Our study showed that the Notch signaling pathway was activated and involved in the regulation of macrophage apoptosis after LPS stimulation through JNK/ NF-kB signaling regulated GM-CSF expression.

[Effects of intrathecal transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 blocker on cervical distension induced visceral pain response].

Objective: With the aid of an acute visceral pain model of uterine cervical distension (UCD), the present study aimed to observe the effects of intrathecal administration of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist SB-366791 on UCD induced-visceral nociception as well as its involved molecular mechanisms. Methods: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley-derived adult virgin female rats were used. UCD model was established under isoflurane inhalation anesthesia. Briefly, a lower abdominal incision at midline was made to expose the uteral cervix, two metal rods were inserted through both sides of the cervix separately, one rod was fixed and the other one was connected to a pulley system with application of manual weighted traction (0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 g) for simulating 1 h of cervical distension. In addition, 12 Sprague-Dawley-derived adult virgin female rats were subjected to intrathecal catheter implantation, and UCD was established 7 days later. The rats were divided randomly into two groups; one group was administrated with intrathecal SB-366791 while the other was administrated with the same volume of saline as control. The 75 g distension force was then applied for an hour and the electromyographic (EMG) of musculus rectus abdominis, heart rate as well as respiratory frequency were measured continuously during the surgery. The spinal cord (T(12)-L(2)) was collected 30 minutes after UCD for the detection of changes of c-FOS and TRPV1 expression. Results: UCD increased EMG activity (P<0.05) and c-FOS expression (P<0.05) in the deep dorsal horn region and central canal of the spinal cord (T(12)-L(2)) in a stimuli-dependent manner, the expression of TRPV1 in the T(12)-L(2) spinal cord also increased in response to UCD stimulation (P<0.05). Compared with the saline group, intrathecal SB-366791 significantly decreased EMG activity (P<0.05) as well as spinal c-FOS (P<0.05) expression induced by UCD. Conclusions: UCD in rats increases EMG activity of musculus rectus abdominis as well as spinal c-FOS and TRPV1 expression. Intrathecal administration of TRPV1 antagonist SB-366791 significantly decreases the visceral nociception induced by UCD.

Hyperphosphorylation of protein Tau in hippocampus may cause cognitive dysfunction of propofol-anesthetized rats.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the effect of hyperphosphorylation of Tau on cognitive function of propofol-anesthetized rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty 2-month-old male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): group of treating with saline (C group), group of treating with propofol for 1 hour (P1) and 24 h (P24 group). The cognitive function of rats was tested by Morris water maze before and 1 h or 24 h after drug administration. The rats were then sacrificed. The protein and mRNA expression levels of GSK-3ß, total and phosphorylated Tau, cyclin D1, p27kip1 and c-caspase 3 in hippocampus were determined by Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS: Compared with group C, the incubation period of P1 group and P24 group was prolonged, and the target quadrant retention time was shortened (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference between P1 and P24 group (p>0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that compared with group C, p-Tau in hippocampus of P1 group and P24 group was highly expressed, with statistical difference (p<0.05). Western blot and RT-PCR showed that protein and mRNA expressions of GSK-3ß, phosphorylated Tau, cyclin D1 and c-caspase 3 in hippocampus of P1 and P24 groups were up-regulated (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Propofol-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats may be related to the hyperphosphorylation of Tau that causes neuronal cells to re-enter the cell cycle, thus leading to apoptosis.

[Correlation between Mic60 haploid insufficiency and cardiac aging in mouse].

Objective: To investigate the role of Mic60 in cardiac aging. Methods: Wild-type and Mic60(+ /-) male mice at age of 4-6 months (young group, n=6) and 18-20 months (aged group, n=9) were used. H&E and Masson staining of frozen and paraffin sections were subjected to morphologic evaluation of the cardiac tissue samples. SA-ß-Gal staining was utilized to detect the activity of senescence-associated ß-galactosidase. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of Mic60 and p21 in cardiac tissues. Results: Expression of Mic60 in mouse cardiac tissue increased in an age-dependent manner. Haploid insufficiency of Mic60 resulted in an increased left ventricular wall thickness [(1.32±0.09) mm vs.(1.12±0.09) mm, P<0.05], cardiomyocyte hypertrophy[(474.9±27.6) µm(2) vs.(358.8±48.7) µm(2), P<0.05] and interstitial fibrosis [ (38.24±7.58) ×10(3)µm(2) vs.(25.81±4.12)×10(3)µm(2,) P<0.05], increased activity of SA-ß-Gal (2.26±0.24 vs.0.25±0.05, P<0.01) and higher expression of p21 (P<0.01) in aged mouse cardiac tissue, but not in young mice. Conclusion: Haploid insufficiency of Mic60 leads to cardiac hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, increased activity of SA-ß-Gal and higher expression of p21 in aged cardiac tissue in mice, suggesting that Mic60 may prevent cardiac aging.

The pregnancy outcome of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation using 4 versus 10 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate per day in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilisation: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical outcome and endocrinological characteristics of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) using 4 versus 10 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) per day in infertile women with normal ovary reserve. DESIGN: A randomised parallel controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary-care academic medical centre. PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 300 infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. METHODS: Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG; 225 iu per day) and MPA (group A, 10 mg per day; group B, 4 mg per day) were started simultaneously from cycle day 3 onwards. Ovulation was co-triggered by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 1000 iu) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist; 0.1 mg) when dominant follicles matured. Viable embryos were cryopreserved for later frozen embryo transfer (FET) in both groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the number of oocytes retrieved. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of a premature surge in luteinising hormone (LH), the number of viable embryos, and clinical pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: The number of oocytes retrieved and viable embryos were similar between two groups (9.8 ± 6.3 versus 9.6 ± 5.9; 4.2 ± 2.6 versus 3.7 ± 3.0; P > 0.05). No significant difference was found in clinical pregnancy rate (58.0 versus 48.7%) and live birth rate per participant (48.7 versus 42.0%; P > 0.05). No premature LH surge and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) using 4 or 10 mg of MPA per day was comparable in terms of the number of oocytes retrieved and pregnancy outcome after FET. The administration of 4 mg of MPA per day was sufficient to prevent an untimely LH rise in women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: An RCT confirmed similar pregnancy outcome in P-primed ovarian stimulation with a daily dose of 4 or 10 mg MPA.

Biodetoxification of aflatoxin B1 in cottonseed meal by fermentation of Cellulosimicrobium funkei in duckling diet.

Two experiments were conducted to optimize the fermentation of cottonseed meal by Cellulosimicrobium funkei (C. funkei) for the ability of the bacteria to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and then to evaluate the bacterial detoxification in ducklings. In experiment 1, the fermentation of cottonseed meal by C. funkei was improved by changing the inoculation amounts by 10% (108 cfu/mL), using a 1:0.5 material to water ratio at 35°C temperature for a 144 h reaction duration, which resulted in an 83.4% biodegradation of AFB1. In experiment 2, 112 one-day-old male Cherry Valley ducklings were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups with 4 replicates of 7 birds each. For a period of 2 wk the controls received a base duckling diet (BD), a second group received a base diet contaminated with 10% AFB1 cottonseed meal (96.8 µg AFB1/kg), a third group was fed a base diet added with 5% unfermented and 5% fermented AFB1-contaminated cottonseed meal (57.0 µg AFB1/kg), and the fourth group was fed a base diet added with 10% AFB1-contaminated fermented cottonseed meal (16.0 µg AFB1/kg). The growth performance, relative organ weights, and serum biochemistry were analyzed. The results showed that the feed conversion ratio in the second group was lower than that of the controls at wk one and 2 (P < 0.05). Also, after 2 wk, group 2 ducklings had increased relative weights of the liver, kidneys, and spleen, increased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), increased concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Crt), and decreased relative weight of Fabricius bursa (P < 0.05). In addition, the concentrations of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) in serum were also significantly higher at weeks one and 2 (P < 0.05). These alterations were attenuated or prevented when 5 or 10% fermented cottonseed meal substituted equal amounts of unfermented cottonseed meal in the diet. In conclusion, fermentation of AFB1-contaminated feed materials by C. funkei offers a new strategy to reduce the negative effects of aflatoxicosis in ducklings.

Protective effects and mechanisms of Ndfipl on SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis in an in vitro Parkinson's disease model.

The aim of the current study was to examine the protective effects and mechanisms of Ndfipl on neurocytes in an experimental in vitro Parkinson's disease model induced by MPP+. The cell model was developed with dominant negative expression and suppressed expression of Ndfipl by means of transient transfection of Ndfipl-dominant negative and -inhibitory vectors. In total, four different Ndfipl cell models were established. Different methods were used to analyze the cells. The MTT method was used to detect the effect of Ndfipl on the survival rate and apoptosis of the cells induced by MPP(+). We further studied the roles of Ndfipl in inhibiting MPP(+)-induced SH-SY5Y apoptosis, protection, and ubiquitination of SH-SY5Y cells. Our results showed that Ndfipl reduced apoptosis and improved cell survival rate, indicating that Ndfipl has a neuroprotective effect. Furthermore, we found that Ndfipl binds to Nedd4-1, and that increased expression of Ndfipl significantly reduced Itch expression. We also found that increased ubiquitination played a role in Ndfipl-mediated processes, and that Ndfipl and α-synuclein interact. Additionally, the expression of Ndfipl reduced expression of α-synuclein. In conclusion, Ndfipl plays a significant role in protecting SH-SY5Y cells in in vitro Parkinson's disease models.

Effect of co-culturing human primary basic fibroblasts with respiratory syncytial virus-infected 16-HBE cells.

This study investigated the effects induced by co-culturing human primary basic fibroblasts (HPBFs) with 16-human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in particular the transformation of HPBFs into myofibroblasts and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins. HPBFs were co-cultured with 16-HBE cells infected with RSV and quantitatively analyzed. We constructed models of HPBFs co-cultured with 16-HBE cells that were either uninfected (control group) or infected with RSV (experimental group). Following initiation of co-cultures, HPBFs and supernatants were collected at 24-h intervals up to 120 h. Expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting, while type I collagen (Col I) and fibronectin were analyzed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. After 72 h, α-SMA expression increased in HPBFs cultured with RSV-infected 16-HBE relative to uninfected controls, reaching its highest level at 96 h. Similarly, Col I secretion was also higher in HPBFs co-cultured with RSV-infected 16-HBE relative to uninfected controls; Col I secretion increased with time and reached its highest level at 120 h. HPBFs were transformed into myofibroblasts following co-culture with RSV-infected 16-HBE, which when combined with the observed increase in Col I secretion suggests that airway remodeling would then be promoted.

Tea polyphenols inactivate Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from powdered infant formula.

This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of tea polyphenols (TP) against 4 Cronobacter sakazakii strains with different sequence types (ST) isolated from powdered infant formula (PIF). The results showed that in normal saline, 5mg/mL of TP (pH 3.44) could eliminate approximately 7.0 log cfu/mL of C. sakazakii within 1 h; in rehydrated PIF, after acidification with HCl (pH 3.55), TP showed a stronger antibacterial activity compared with the controls (malic acid, ascorbic acid, and citric acid). Further, some differences were obvious in tolerance to TP between C. sakazakii strains with different ST. The tolerance of C. sakazakii CE1 (ST4) to TP was found to be greater than that of the other 3 C. sakazakii strains (ST1, ST8, and ST64). The results of recovered test and transmission electron microscope analysis revealed that the action of TP against C. sakazakii was an irreversible bactericidal process caused by leakage of cytoplasm. Taken together, these results indicated that TP had an effective bactericidal effect against C. sakazakii, and provided a new idea for preventing and inactivating C. sakazakii in PIF.