ABSTRACT
Resveratrol is a common, naturally occurring polyphenol confirmed with inhibited the cellular effects of carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying resveratrol's action against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. In addition, MARCH1 promotes the initiation and progression of HCC, but it is unclear whether resveratrol exerts antitumor efforts by regulating MARCH1 expression. This study determined the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of resveratrol in HCC. Resveratrol induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B). In addition, it inhibited MARCH1 and phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT) expression but upregulated the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) dose-dependently both in vitro and in vivo. MARCH1 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) also increased PTEN expression. Meanwhile, MK2206 (an AKT inhibitor) and bisperoxovanadium (BPV; a PTEN inhibitor) combined with resveratrol decreased MARCH1 expression more than the single-treatment HCC group. These results suggested that resveratrol affects the biological characteristics of HCC via downregulation of MARCH1 expression.
Subject(s)
Carcinogenesis/drug effects , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Resveratrol/pharmacology , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Carcinogenesis/genetics , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Movement/genetics , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Disease Progression , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Hep G2 Cells , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/genetics , Mice , PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism , Resveratrol/therapeutic use , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Signal Transduction/genetics , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Greenhouse gas emission is a potential limiting factor in livestock farming development. While incineration is one approach to minimize livestock manure, there are concerns about significant levels of nitrogen and organic compounds in manure as potential sources of greenhouse gas emissions (N2O and CH4). In this study, the effects of various incineration conditions, such as the furnace temperature and air ratio on N2O and CH4 formation behaviour, of cattle manure (as a representative livestock manure) were investigated in a pilot rotary kiln furnace. The results revealed that N2O emissions decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing air ratio. In addition, CH4 emissions tended to be high above 800 degrees C at a low air ratio. The emission factors for N2O and CH4 under the general conditions (combustion temperature of 800-850 degrees C and air ratio of 1.4) were determined to be 1.9-6.0% g-N2O-N/g-N and 0.0046-0.26% g-CH4/g-burning object, respectively. The emission factor for CH4 differed slightly from the published values between 0.16 and 0.38% g-CH4/g-burning object. However, the emission factor for N2O was much higher than the currently accepted value of 0.7% g-N2O-N/g-N and, therefore, it is necessary to revise the N2O emission factor for the incineration of livestock manure.
