ABSTRACT
AIMS: To investigate the roles of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in the pathology of aging and neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). RESULTS: In this study, we confirmed the upregulation of NDRG2 in the brains of aging and AD animal models. To explore the role of NDRG2 in the pathology of AD at molecular level, we conducted a cell-based assay of highly expressed wild-type human APP695 SK-N-SH cells (SK-N-SH APPwt). By silencing and overexpressing gene of NDRG2, we demonstrated that NDRG2-mediated increase in Aß1-42 was through the pathways of BACE1 and GGA3. NGRG2 improved tau phosphorylation via enhanced activity of CDK5 and decreased Pin1, but it was not affected by GSK3ß pathway. NDRG2 might also induce cell apoptosis through the extrinsic (caspase 8) apoptotic pathway by interaction with STAT3. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed the upregulation of NDRG2 in AD animal models and demonstrated its important roles in AD pathology. NDRG2 might be a potential target for studying and treatment of AD.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Proteins/metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing , Aging/metabolism , Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism , Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics , Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism , Animals , Apoptosis/physiology , Brain/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/physiology , Disease Models, Animal , Humans , Male , Mice, Inbred ICR , Mice, Transgenic , Peptide Fragments/metabolism , Presenilin-1/genetics , Presenilin-1/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Taking the tissue-cultured seedlings of grape cultivar Red Globe as test objects, this paper examined the effects of their root aqueous extracts on seedling's growth, with the allelochemicals identified by LC-MS. The results showed that 0.02 g x ml(-1) (air-dried root mass in aqueous extracts volume; the same below), 0.1 g x ml(-1), and 0.2 g x ml(-1) of the aqueous extracts inhibited the growth of the seedlings significantly, and the inhibition effect increased with increasing concentration of the extracts. The identified allelochemicals of the extracts included p-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, phenylpropionic acid, and coumaric acid. Pot experiment showed that different concentration (0.1, 1, and 10 mmol x L(-1)) salicylic acid and phenylpropionic acid inhibited the seedling' s growth remarkably. With the increasing concentration of the two acids, the plant height, stem diameter, shoot- and root fresh mass, leaf net photosynthetic rate and starch content, and root activity of the seedlings decreased, while the leaf soluble sugar and MDA contents increased. No obvious change pattern was observed in leaf protein content.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Seedlings/drug effects , Vitis/chemistry , Phenylpropionates/isolation & purification , Phenylpropionates/pharmacology , Pheromones/isolation & purification , Pheromones/pharmacology , Salicylic Acid/isolation & purification , Salicylic Acid/pharmacology , Seedlings/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the vineyards having been planted for 3 and 30 years, and PCR-DGGE technique was adopted to study the effects of grape-replanting on the population structure and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi. The bacterial and fungal diversities were higher in 30-year-planted vineyard than in 3-year-planted vineyard, and higher in rhizosphere soil than in non-rhizosphere soil. After 30 years replanting, the population structure of bacteria and fungi approached the same in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil but differed from that in fallow soil; while in the 3-year-planted vineyard, the population structure in rhizosphere soil was different from that in non-rhizosphere soil and fallow soil. Comparing with that in 3-year-planted vineyard, the rhizosphere soil microbial population in 30-year-planted vineyard had a greater change. In bacterial population, Flavobacterium sp. (DQ339585) and Bacillus sp. (AY039821) decreased while Pedobacter sp. (AJ871084) increased; in fungal population, Omphalina farinolens (EF413029) appeared, Pestalotiopsis sp. (DQ657877, DQ657875, DQ657871), Phacidium lacerum (DQ470976), and Lecythophora decumbens (AF353597) decreased, while Pilidium acerinum voucher (AY48709) increased. Bacillus sp., Flavobacterium sp. , and Pestalotiopsis sp. had antagonism to pathogen, and their decrease reduced the resistance of grape against pathogen. The increase of Pilidium acerinum voucher might relate to the severe disease after grape-replanting.
