ABSTRACT
This study combined the herbal pair Platycodonis Radix-Curcumae Rhizoma(PR-CR) possessing an inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation and metastasis with the active component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) silibinin-loaded nanoparticles(NPs) with a regulatory effect on tumor microenvironment based on the joint effect on tumor cells and tumor microenvironment to inhi-bit cell metastasis. The effects of PR-CR on the cellular uptake of NPs and in vitro inhibition against breast cancer proliferation and metastasis were investigated to provide an experimental basis for improving nanoparticle absorption and enhancing therapeutic effects. Silibinin-loaded lipid-polymer nanoparticles(LPNs) were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The NPs were spherical or quasi-spherical in shape with obvious core-shell structure. The mean particle size was 107.4 nm, Zeta potential was-27.53 mV. The cellular uptake assay was performed by in vitro Caco-2/E12 coculture cell model and confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM), and the results indicated that PR-CR could promote the uptake of NPs. Further, in situ intestinal absorption assay by the CLSM vertical scanning approach showed that PR-CR could promote the absorption of NPs in the enterocytes of mice. The inhibitory effect of NPs on the proliferation and migration of 4T1 cells was analyzed using 4T1 breast cancer cells and co-cultured 4T1/WML2 cells, respectively. The results of the CCK8 assay showed that PR-CR-containing NPs could enhance the inhibition against the proliferation of 4T1 breast cancer cells. The wound healing assay indicated that PR-CR-containing NPs enhanced the inhibition against the migration of 4T1 breast cancer cells. This study enriches the research on oral absorption of TCM NPs and also provides a new idea for utilizing the advantages of TCM to inhibit breast cancer metastasis.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Nanoparticles , Humans , Mice , Animals , Female , Silybin/therapeutic use , Caco-2 Cells , Polymers/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Tumor Microenvironment , Melanoma, Cutaneous MalignantABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To understand the trend and epidemiologic characteristics of malaria prevalence so as to provide the evidence for further control of the disease in Liaoning Province. METHODS: The data of registered cases of malaria in Liaoning Province from 2008 to 2013 were collected and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological methods. RESULTS: A total of 202 malaria cases were reported from 2008 to 2013. There was no epidemic outbreak, and the average annual incidence was 0.08/ 100,000. Totally 17 P. v. cases of local infection were reported, and 185 imported malaria cases were reported (P.v. 33 cases, P.f 113 cases, P.v. & Pf. 13 cases, P.o. 3 cases, and unspecified 23 cases). The ratio of male to female was 5.91:1, the populations aged 31-45 years were the most (47.52%), and the main occupation was exported labors (46.04%). The 179 imported cases were infected in Africa and Southeast Asia, 6 imported cases were infected in Anhui Province, Yunnan Province and Hongkong, and 16 local cases were infected in the border area of Dandong City. CONCLUSIONS: Although the annual incidence of malaria in Liaoning Province is lower than 1/10,000, the incidence shows an increasing trend because the exported labors are increased. Therefore, the epidemic monitoring and health education should be strengthened, especially for the exported labors who have returned.
