ABSTRACT
Thyroid cancer affects 1.3 percent of the population, with rates of occurrence rising in recent years (approximately 2 percent per year). Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine cancer with an annual increase in occurrence. Although the general prognosis for differentiated subtypes is favorable, the rate of mortality linked with thyroid cancer has been steadily progressing. The presence of suspicious thyroid nodules necessitates more diagnostic testing, including laboratory evaluation, additional imaging, and biopsy. For clinical staging and appropriate patient therapy design, accurate diagnosis is necessary. In this paper, we examined the application value of ultrasound imaging diagnosis in the clinical staging of thyroid tumor in this research. The benefit of early diagnosis is determined in this article using ultrasonography reports from Chinese patients. Images of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were collected and annotated in this work, and deep learning-based image recognition and diagnostic system was built utilizing the adaptive wavelet transform-based AdaBoost algorithm (AWT-AA). The system's efficacy in diagnosing thyroid nodules was assessed, and the use of ultrasound imaging in clinical practice was studied. The variables that had a significant impact on malignant nodules were studied using logistic multiple regression analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) categorization outcomes for benign and malignant tumors were also calculated.
ABSTRACT
A new electrochemical hemoglobin (Hb) biosensor was constructed based on a Fe(3)O(4) mesoporous spheres modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE), which showed excellent electrocatalytic ability towards the reduction of trichloroacetic acid. CILE was prepared by using N-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate (HPPF(6)) as the modifier and the binder in the carbon paste. Ultraviolet-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic results indicated that Hb molecules retained the native structure in the chitosan and Fe(3)O(4) mesoporous spheres composite film. Electrochemical results indicated that a pair of well-defined redox peaks appeared in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution (PBS) with the formed potential (E(0')) as -0.287 V (vs. SCE), indicating that the direct electron transfer of Hb in the composite film was realized. Electrochemical behaviors of Hb were carefully investigated with the electrochemical parameters such as electron transfer coefficient (α), electron transfer number (n), and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k(s)) calculated. Due to the specific characteristics of Fe(3)O(4) mesoporous spheres present on the electrode surface, the electron transfer rate of Hb was greatly promoted. The Hb modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic properties with wider linear range and lower detection limit.
