A novel tool for tracing water sources of streamflow in a mixed land-use catchment.

Tracing water sources of streamflow in a mixed land-use catchment is critical for predicting pollutant emissions from various human activities to streams but remains a major challenge. A rain event based field monitoring study was conducted in the Jieliu catchment located in the hilly area of central Sichuan Province, southwest China. The ratio of the maximum fluorescence intensities (Fmax) of the two humic-like dissolved organic matter (DOM) components at excitation/emission wavelengths of 255 (315)/415 nm (component 1; C1) and 260 (375)/480 nm (component 2; C2) was proposed as a tracer for quantifying streamflow water sources. Satisfactory performance of using the Fmax(C1)/Fmax(C2) ratio in hydrograph separation of streamflow at the outlet of a forest sub-catchment was verified by through comparison with the hydrograph separation results based on δ18O data. The Fmax(C1)/Fmax(C2) ratio was then applied to estimate the contributions of rainwater and pre-event water sources under different land use types to the streamflow in an agro-forest sub-catchment and the entire catchment. The hydrograph separation results using the Fmax(C1)/Fmax(C2) ratio can be used to support the optimization of water resource management and the quantification of pollutant loadings from major water sources to streams at the catchment scale.

EEF1A2 accelerates the protein translation of chemokine in rat myocardial cells induced by ischemia-reperfusion.

How to reduce the damage caused by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in a timely manner to save patients' lives is still a great clinical challenge. Although dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to protect the myocardium, the regulatory mechanism of gene translation responding to IR injury and DEX protection is poorly understood. In this study, IR rat model with DEX and the antagonist yohimbine (YOH) pretreatment were established, and RNA sequencing was carried out to seek the important regulators in differential expressed genes. A series of cytokines and chemokine as well as eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (EEF1A2) were induced by IR compared to control and compromised by DEX pretreatment compared to IR, then reversed by YOH. Immunoprecipitation was conducted to identify that peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) interacted with EEF1A2 and contributed to the recruitment of EEF1A2 on mRNA molecules of cytokines and chemokine. Knockdown of PRDX1 could weaken the enhancive effect of EEF1A2 for gene translation of IL6, CXCL2 and CXCL11 under the IR condition, and indeed reduce cell apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. We also determined that the RNA motif "USCAGDCU" at 5' UTR could be particularly recognized by PRDX1. Destruction of this motif at the 5' UTR of IL6, CXCL2 and CXCL11 by CRISPR-CAS9 could result in the loss occupancies of EEF1A2 and PRDX1 on the mRNA of these three genes. Our observations showed the importance of PRDX1 in the reasonable control of cytokine and chemokine expression to prevent excessive inflammatory response to cell damage.

[Comprehensive effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on yield, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil nutrient in double-cropping rice systems]. / æœ‰æœºæ— æœºè‚¥é æ–½å¯¹åŒå­£ç¨»è½®ä½œç³»ç»Ÿäº§é‡ã€æ¸©å®¤æ°”ä½“æŽ’æ”¾å’ŒåœŸå£¤å »åˆ†çš„ç»¼åˆæ•ˆåº”.

We carried out a 3-year field experiment with three treatments: 1) no fertilizer application (CK), 2) chemical fertilizer application (F), and 3) combined organic and chemical fertilizer (FM) in which the total nitrogen inputs were equal with F (organic fertilizer applied in the early rice season). We evaluated the variations of crop yield, CH4 and N2O emission, and soil nutrient. The results showed that fertilizer application could increase rice yield in both early and late rice seasons. Compared with F treatment, FM treatment increased rice yield by 5.6% and 7.2% for early and late rice, respectively. The enhancement of yield was positively correlated with years. Compared with F treatment, CH4 emission in early rice season, late rice season and whole year in the field in FM treatment was increased by 8.2%, 4.8% and 6.7%, respectively, while the N2O emission was deceased by 31.4%, 5.0% and 18.8%, respectively. Organic fertilizer application reduced the greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) by 6.8% and 8.5%, but there was no significant differences in global warming potential (GWP) across treatments in 2018 and 2019. Compared with F treatment, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 9.7%, 4.1%, 30.9% and 2.5%, respectively. Overall, our results suggested FM application in early rice season is an effective measure to increase crop yield, improve soil nutrient, and reduce GHGI.

Effect of genetic polymorphism of UCP2-866 G/A on repaglinide response in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the UCP2-866 G/A polymorphism on the efficacy of repaglinide in treating patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). 370 patients with T2DM and 166 healthy volunteers were enrolled to identify UCP2-866 G/A genotypes. 16 patients with GG genotype, 14 with GA genotype and 11 with AA genotype of UCP2-866 G/A underwent an 8-week repaglinide treatment regimen. There were no differences in allele frequency of UCP2-866 G/A between T2DM patients and control subjects. The patient with AA genotype of UCP2-866 G/A had higher levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 30-min and 2-h postload plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and lower concentrations of 30-min and 2-h postload plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-beta), deltaI30/deltaG30 compared with GG genotype. After repaglinide treatment for 8 consecutive weeks, we found that A allele carriers of UCP2 in the T2DM patients had smaller decrease in FPG (P < 0.05) and HbA1c (P < 0.05), and smaller increase in 30-min postload plasma insulin (P < 0.01) compared with GG genotypes. We demonstrated that UCP2-866 G/A polymorphism is associated with the therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide in Chinese T2DM patients.

[Serum leptin level and its association with bone mineral density in obese children].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate serum leptin level and its relationship with bone mineral density in obese children from Changsha City. METHODS: One hundred and nineteen obese children and 103 normal children aged 7 to 12 years from five primary schools of Changsha City were enrolled. Obesity was assessed based on the body mass index (BMI). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. Serum leptin level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The obesity group had higher height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio (WHR) compared with the normal group (p<0.01). BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), percentage of body fat (%BF) and leptin concentration in the obesity group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (p<0.01). Serum leptin level was positively correlated with BMD, BMC, LM and FM (r=0.528-0.903, p<0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that BMI and %BF were independent influencing factors for serum leptin level. CONCLUSIONS: Obese children have higher serum leptin level. Serum leptin concentration is significantly correlated with BMD and body composition. BMI and %BF are independent influencing factors for serum leptin level in children.

[Effects of rosiglitazone on serum leptin and insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on serum leptin and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with Type 2 diabetes and to determine the correlation between IR and serum leptin. METHODS: Thirty-nine Type 2 diabetic patients were given rosiglitazone (4 mg/d) for 12 weeks. The changes of height,weight, fasting plasm glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), serum leptin, hepatic and renal function and serum lipid were examined at the baseline and 12 weeks after the therapy. We used the HOMA model to calculate HOMA-IR as an index of insulin resistance. We also calculated the insulin sensitivity index (ISI). The correlation among the above detected markers was analyzed using multiple regression analysis and partial correlation analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The serum leptin level, FINS, and HOMA-IR were higher (P < 0.01), but ISI was lower in the diabetic patients than those of the normal controls before the treatment. BMI, hepatic function, renal function, and serum lipid level did not significantly change, while FPG, FINS, and HOMA-IR were reduced significantly after the 12-week treatment (P < 0.01). ISI was obviously higher than that before the treatment (P < 0.01). Bivariate analysis showed that the serum leptin was positively correlated with FINS and HOMA-IR (r1 = 0.525, P < 0.01, r2 = 0.391, P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with ISI (r = -0.334, P < 0.05). Multiregressive analysis revealed that the most important factors affecting the leptin in Type 2 diabetes were sex, BMI, TG, FINS, and ISI (R2 = 0.358, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There is close correlation between IR and higher serum leptin level in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Rosiglitazone can reduce FPG level and serum leptin and improve the insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes.