Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in young patients: a 26-year clinicopathologic retrospective study in a Brazilian specialized center.

BACKGROUND: To describe the clinicopathologic profile of young patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and compare to middle-aged and elderly adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients' individual records were reviewed for clinicopathologic data. Eighty-nine patients with age 18-45 years old met the inclusion criteria of the study. Two additional groups of middle-aged (n=89) and old (n=89) adults were set to comparative analysis. RESULTS: Young patients represented 11.9% of all patients diagnosed with HNSCC. Women were more affected by HNSCC in the young and elder groups (p= 0.04), and young patients were more prone to be non-smokers (p= 0.01) and have lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis (p=0.04). In the young group, patients diagnosed with the disease in advanced stages were more prone to have a positive familial history of cancer (p= 0.04), a positive status of alcohol consumption (p= 0.03), and to be heavy drinkers (p= 0.01). Survival was not different for the young group in comparison to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: HNSCC in young patients had a different profile when compared to older patients, especially regarding sex and exposure to the classic risk factors for this disease. The survival of the young group is similar to the older groups and advanced clinical stage is predictor of worse survival.

One-year clinical evaluation of composite restorations in posterior teeth: effect of adhesive systems.

This clinical study assessed the performance of posterior composite resins applied with the Adper™ Single Bond Plus (SB) and Adper™ Scotchbond SE (SE) adhesive systems and Filtek™ Supreme Plus composite resin, using modified US Public Health Service criteria. A total of 97 restorations were placed in posterior teeth by two calibrated operators. Application of the materials followed manufacturers' instructions. The restorations were evaluated by two examiners at baseline and after one year. Statistical analyses were conducted using the proportion test at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). All the restorations evaluated (ie, 100%) received an alpha rating for the criteria of marginal discoloration and marginal integrity at baseline. At one year, for marginal discoloration, 64.6% of SB and 61.2% of SE received an alpha rating. For marginal integrity, 72.9% of SB and 77.6% of SE received an alpha rating. The other restorations received bravo ratings for both criteria. None of the teeth that received the restorative systems presented caries lesions around the restorations. A total of eight teeth presented postoperative sensitivity one week after baseline, five with SB and three with SE; the symptom had disappeared one year later. One year later, composite resin restorations using either adhesive system showed satisfactory clinical performance.

Observation of tags and hybrid layer of a single bottle conventional adhesive system and a self-etching adhesive system, on sound dentin.

This experimental light microscopy study investigated the formation of a hybrid layer and resin tags on sound dentin, after utilization of conventional and self-etching adhesive systems. After restorative procedures, the specimens were decalcified in a formic acid and sodium citrate solution, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 6-microm thickness and stained by the Brown & Brenn method for analysis and measurement by light microscopy (AXIOPHOT) (400x). The results were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance, at a significance level of 5%. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the conventional adhesive allowed the formation of a thicker hybrid layer than the self-etching adhesive, with similar penetration into the dentinal tubules (resin tags).

Observation of tags and hybrid layer of a single bottle conventional adhesive system and a self-etching adhesive system, on sound dentin / Avaliaþ§es em microscopia óptica comum da camada hibrida de adesÒo e dos prolongamentos resinosos (tags) em tecido dentinário hígido: efeitos de um sistema adesivo resinoso frasco único e de um autocondicionante

This experimental light microscopy study investigated the formation of a hybrid layer and resin tags on sound dentin, after utilization of conventional and self-etching adhesive systems. Afterrestorative procedures, the specimens were decalcified in a formic acid and sodium citrate solution, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 6-ým thickness and stained by the Brown & Brenn method for analysis and measurement by light microscopy (AXIOPHOT) (400x). The results were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance, at a significance level of 5%. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the conventional adhesive allowed the formation of a thicker hybrid layer than the self-etching adhesive, with similar penetration into the dentinal tubules (resin tags).(AU)

Analisamos nesta pesquisa laboratorial/microscópica, o poder deformaþÒo da camada híbrida de adesÒo e dos prolongamentos resinosos (tags) em tecido dentinário hígido, empregando, para tanto, nesse substrato dental, um sistema adesivo convencional e outro autocondicionante. Após a realizaþÒo dos procedimentosrestauradores; os espécimes foram descalcificados em soluþÒo de ácido fórmico/citrato de sódio, incluídos em parafina, cortados a uma espessura de 6 micrometros, corados pelo método Brown & Brenn, para posteriormente, serem analisados e mensurados emmicroscopia óptica comum (AXIOPHOT) (400X). Após a coleta dos resultados, estes foram submetidos O análise estatística ANOVA, ao nível de 5%. De acordo com os resultados obtidospudemos concluir que o adesivo convencional possibilitou a formaþÒode uma camada híbrida de adesÒo mais espessa do que o adesivo autocondicionante e um mesmo nível penetraþÒo no interior do túbulo dentinário (Tags).(AU)

Observation of tags and hybrid layer of a single bottle conventional adhesive system and a self-etching adhesive system, on sound dentin / Avaliações em microscopia óptica comum da camada hibrida de adesão e dos prolongamentos resinosos (tags) em tecido dentinário hígido: efeitos de um sistema adesivo resinoso frasco único e de um autocondicionante

This experimental light microscopy study investigated the formation of a hybrid layer and resin tags on sound dentin, after utilization of conventional and self-etching adhesive systems. Afterrestorative procedures, the specimens were decalcified in a formic acid and sodium citrate solution, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 6-ìm thickness and stained by the Brown & Brenn method for analysis and measurement by light microscopy (AXIOPHOT) (400x). The results were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance, at a significance level of 5%. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the conventional adhesive allowed the formation of a thicker hybrid layer than the self-etching adhesive, with similar penetration into the dentinal tubules (resin tags).

Analisamos nesta pesquisa laboratorial/microscópica, o poder deformação da camada híbrida de adesão e dos prolongamentos resinosos (tags) em tecido dentinário hígido, empregando, para tanto, nesse substrato dental, um sistema adesivo convencional e outro autocondicionante. Após a realização dos procedimentosrestauradores; os espécimes foram descalcificados em solução de ácido fórmico/citrato de sódio, incluídos em parafina, cortados a uma espessura de 6 micrometros, corados pelo método Brown & Brenn, para posteriormente, serem analisados e mensurados emmicroscopia óptica comum (AXIOPHOT) (400X). Após a coleta dos resultados, estes foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA, ao nível de 5%. De acordo com os resultados obtidospudemos concluir que o adesivo convencional possibilitou a formaçãode uma camada híbrida de adesão mais espessa do que o adesivo autocondicionante e um mesmo nível penetração no interior do túbulo dentinário (Tags).

Detection of HPV in mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathologic variables, risk factors and survival.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) has been historically associated with head and neck cancers, although its role in oral carcinogenesis remains poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HPV in mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma and correlate it with clinicopathologic variables, risk factors and survival. HPV presence was evaluated by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) in 29 paraffin-embedded specimens of mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma. HPV DNA was detected in 17.2% (5 of 29) of the specimens; the highest prevalence was observed in non-smoking patients over the age of 60 years. All HPV DNA positive specimens were detected in men with clinical stage III and IV lesions, being most of which were moderately differentiated. Despite this correlation there were no statistically significant differences observed among the analyzed variables, including patients' survival. The relatively low incidence of HPV DNA present in these tumors suggests that this virus does not, by itself, have a significant role in the development of mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral cancer mortality trends in Brazilian geographical regions from 1996-2001

The purpose of this study was to analyse the oral cancer mortality trends in Brazil by geographic region, age and sex, from 1996 to 2001. The Brazilian Ministry of Health database DATASUS and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used as the source of data. Oral cancer mortality rates per 100,000 population were estimated. Statistical analyses comprised estimates of oral cancer mortality rates, grouped according to the study variables, in 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001; also, the three-year periods 1996-1998 and 1999-2001 were analysed, allowing the oral cancer mortality trends between these two periods to be calculated. For comparison, in each geographical region, the ratio between two death rates (related to period or sex) was calculated. In the period 1996-2001, a total of 25,972 deaths due to oral cancer were reported, giving a mortality rate of 2.67. The rates for the periods 1996-1998 and 1999-2001 were 2.53 and 2.73, respectively, showing a slight increase in the rate. There was a predominance of oral cancer in males with a male/female ratio of approximately 4. All regions exhibited an increase in mortality rates, with the exception of the Southeast region. From 1996 to 2001, the average mortality rates were 3.55 and 3.58 for the Southeast and South regions, and 1.94, 1.41, and 0.86 for the Mid-West, Northeast, and North regions, respectively. Over the age of 40, oral cancer mortality rates were seen to increase rapidly with age. Oral cancer mortality increased in all regions, exceptin the Southeast, and was considerably higher among males and older individuals.

[A computer software system for dental caries rates: databases and statistical analysis]. / Sistema computacional para índices de cárie dentária: banco de dados e análise estatística.

A computer software system developed ICADAPLUS, is presented in order to create and tabulate data bases, calculate the DMF rate, perform statistical comparison of two populations, and calculate confidence intervals. The system offers a simplified method for health services in the area of dentistry, using dental records to carry out epidemiological surveys of tooth decay. The system's main feature is that it does not require specialists either in the area of dentistry or computing, demanding of the user only basic data-entry typing skills, since it presents simple menus, and standardized reports, with no possibility of error. The system comprises four steps: Data-entry, Processing, Reports and Utilities. In Data-entry the regions, towns and institutions supplying the data are initially registered, once only. Each record receives a code number, and it is this code which is available to the user through a Function Key, by means of which the code is transferred to the desired data field. Furthermore, there is a choice of type of dental chart: Klein and Palmer's DMF; the DMF proposed by the WHO; Klein, Palmer and Knutson's DMF surfaces; or Gruebbel's def. It is possible to include, alter and exclude records in each option. In Processing, it is necessary, first of all, to organise the indexes, totalize the data, and remit them to the data base, where no further alteration or exclusion occurs. From this stage on, reports can be prepared from the proposed indexes, grouped according to age, or age and gender. The system was validated by comparison with other methods. This comparison justifies the recommendation of its implementation.