Correlation between hybrid layer thickness, resin tag length and microtensile bond strength of a self-etching adhesive system.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the hybrid layer thickness, resin tag length and resin bond strength of a self-etching adhesive system to sound dentin tissue "in vivo". After performing restorative procedures and tooth extractions, ten specimens were sectioned in a mesiodistal direction. One dental section was used for light microscope analysis, in which both the resin tag length and hybrid layer thickness were measured, while the other section was analyzed using a microtensile test (0.5 mm/min). The fractured surface of the latter section was characterized using a stereoscopic magnifying glass (40x magnifcation). The results were subject to statistical analysis using the Pearson Correlation Test (a = 0.05). The hybrid layer thickness, resin tag length and resin bond strength mean values were 2.19 microm (0.34), 4.34 microm (0.28) and 9.73 MPa (5,55), respectively. In addition, correlation tests between the resin tag length and the resin bond strength (r=0.014) and also between the hybrid layer thickness and bond strength (r=0.43), showed no statistically significant correlation. The microtensile bond strength of Adper Prompt L Pop self-etching adhesive system does not depend on hybrid layer thickness or resin tag length.

Influence of the hybrid layer thickness and resin tag length on microtensile bond strength.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the hybrid layer thickness/resin tag length and the microtensile bond strength of conventional two-step adhesive system, when applied to healthy dentinal tissue. After performing the restorative adhesive procedures and tooth extractions, ten specimens were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction. One section was used for microscopic analysis of the resin tag lengths and the hybrid layer thickness, while the other was used for the microtensile bond strength test (0.5 mm/min). The fractured surface was classified according to the fracture pattern, under a stereoscopic microscope at 40x magnification. Data obtained were submitted to analysis using one-way ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation test (alpha=0.05). The means corresponding to the hybrid layer thickness, resin tag lengths and the microtensile test were 2.68 microm, 6.43 microm and 16.23 MPa, respectively. There was no correlation between the means of the values obtained for the microtensile test, and those presented by the hybrid layer (r2=0.40, p>0.05) and resin tags (r2=0.21, p>0.05). The microtensile bond strength of the conventional two-step adhesive system Adper Single Bond 2 did not depend on the thickness of the hybrid layer and length of resin tags.

Analysis of hybrid layer thickness, resin tag length and their correlation with microtensile bond strength using a total etch adhesive to intact dentin.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a two-step total etch and rinse adhesive, the correlation between the hyybrid layer thickness (HL) and bond strength (BS), and between resin tag length (RT) and bond strength in the same teeth, and also to evaluate the fracture patterns of the tested specimens. Ten human molars were used for the restorative procedure and then sectioned in two halves (mesio-distally). The materials used were Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE, Ultra etch gel, Ultradent and Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE. One half were utilized to measure the HL thickness and RT length through light microscopy analysis (400x), and the other half was subject to a microtensile test to measure the BS. The fractured surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and fracture patterns classified. The Pearson correlation test was applied (p = 0.05). The results of the analyses of each specimen then were correlated: mean HL thickness = 4.39 (0.48) microm, mean length of RT = 9.94 (1.69) microm, mean BS = 23.98 (10.24) MPa. A statistically significant correlation between HL thickness and bond strength was found (r = 0.93). The two step etch and rinse adhesive system, showed a strong correlation between HL thickness and bond strength. The most common fractures were adhesive, followed by cohesive in resin.

Evaluation "in situ" of tag formation in dental enamel submitted to microabrasion technique. Effect of two etching times.

The objective of this study was to analyze the formation of resin tags on enamel surfaces submitted or not to enamel microabrasion technique. Thirteen undergraduate dental students received removable acrylic palatal appliances on which four sections from intact premolars were fixed, measuring 4.0 mm x 4.0 mm. Two sections received the application of a microabrasive system and the remaining sections did not receive any surface treatment. The patients were instructed to wear the acrylic palatal appliances for 4 months during the day. After this time, the sections were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds (sections 1 and 2) and 60 seconds (sections 3 and 4), followed by adhesive system and composite resin applications. All the sections were prepared for light microscopy analysis to observe the degree of resin penetration (x400). The results were submitted to a three-way analysis of variance with a significance level of 5%. The difference between groups was verified by the Tukey test, at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that microabraded enamel required a longer period of acid etching for longer resin tags.

Evaluation "in situ" of tag formation in dental enamel submitted to microabrasion technique: Effect of two etching times

The objective of this study was to analyze the formation of resin tags on enamel surfaces submitted or not to enamel microabrasion technique. Thirteen undergraduate dental students received removable acrylic palatal appliances on which four sections from intact premolars were fixed, measuring 4.0 mm X 4.0 mm. Two sections received the application of a microabrasive system and the remaining sections did not receive any surface treatment. The patients were instructed to wear the acrylic palatal appliances for 4 months during the day. After this time, the sections were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds (sections 1 and 2) and 60 seconds (sections 3 and 4), followed by adhesive system and composite resin applications. All the sections were prepared for light microscopy analysis to observe the degree of resin penetration (x400). The results were submitted to a three-way analysis of variance with a significance level of 5%. The difference between groups was verified by the Tukey test, at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that microabraded enamel required a longer period of acid etching for longer resin tags.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a formacao de tags resinosos em esmalte dental submetido ou nao a tecnica de microabrasao. Treze estudantes de Odontologia receberam a aplicacao de um aparelho ortodontico removivel contendo quatro seccoes de esmalte com dimensoes de 4.0 mm X 4.0 mm. Duas secoes receberam a aplicacao de um composto microabrasivo e as demais nao receberam nenhum tratamento. Os pacientes foram instruidos a usar os aparelhos ortodonticos durante o dia e por quatro meses. Apos este periodo, as seccoes foram condicionadas com acido fosforico 37% por 15 segundos (secoes 1 e 2) e por 60 segundos (seccoes 3 e 4), seguido pela aplicacao do sistema adesivo e de resina composta. Todas as seccoes foram preparadas para analise em microscopia optica comum para observar o grau de penetracao do material resinoso (x400). Os resultados foram submetidos a analise de variancia a tres criterios, ao nivel de 5%. A diferenca entre os grupos foi verificada pelo teste de Tukey, ao nivel de 5%. Os resultados mostraram que maiores tempos de condicionamento acido do esmalte dental sao exigidos para uma maior penetracao do sistema adesivo.

Autogenous bone graft with or without a calcium sulfate barrier in the treatment of Class II furcation defects: a histologic and histometric study in dogs.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to histologically evaluate the healing of surgically created Class II furcation defects treated using an autogenous bone (AB) graft with or without a calcium sulfate (CS) barrier. METHODS: The second, third, and fourth mandibular premolars (P2, P3, and P4) of six mongrel dogs were used in this study. Class II furcation defects (5 mm in height x 2 mm in depth) were surgically created and immediately treated. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups: group C (control), in which the defect was filled with blood clot; group AB, in which the defect was filled with AB graft; and group AB/CS, in which the defect was filled with AB graft and covered by a CS barrier. Flaps were repositioned to cover all defects. The animals were euthanized 90 days post-surgery. Mesio-distal serial sections were obtained and stained with either hematoxylin and eosin or Masson's trichrome. Histometric, using image-analysis software, and histologic analyses were performed. Linear and area measurements of periodontal healing were evaluated and calculated as a percentage of the original defect. Percentage data were transformed into arccosine for statistical analysis (analysis of variance; P <0.05). RESULTS: Periodontal regeneration in the three groups was similar. Regeneration of bone and connective tissue in the furcation defects was incomplete in most of the specimens. Statistically significant differences were not found in any of the evaluated parameters among the groups. CONCLUSION: Periodontal healing was similar using surgical debridement alone, AB graft, or AB graft with a CS barrier in the treatment of Class II furcation defects.

Healing of dehiscence defects following root surface demineralization with tetracycline: a histologic study in monkeys.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to histologically evaluate the healing of experimental dehiscence defects after surface demineralization with tetracycline hydrochloride. METHODS: Six adult male monkeys (Cebus apella) were used in this study. Dehiscence defects were surgically created on the buccal aspect of the mandibular lateral incisors in all animals. The root surfaces were debrided and planed. In a split-mouth design, a 10% tetracycline hydrochloride solution was applied to one tooth for 4 minutes (T group), followed by irrigation with saline. The contralateral tooth served as a control (C group). The flaps were repositioned and sutured. The animals were sacrificed at 6 months postoperatively and histological sections were processed. Computer-assisted histomorphometric analysis was used to evaluate the formation of new cementum, new bone, new connective tissue attachment, and length of the epithelium (junctional and sulcular). RESULTS: Bone regeneration was similar in both groups (1.5 +/- 0.3 mm for the T group and 1.5 +/- 0.6 mm for the C group). The C group showed more new cementum than the T group (2.3 +/- 0.3 mm versus 2.2 +/- 0.3 mm) as well as a longer epithelium (1.0 +/- 0.3 mm versus 0.9 +/- 0.2 mm). The T group presented more new connective tissue attachment (3.1 +/- 0.2 mm) than the C group (2.9 +/- 0.6 mm). However, no statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of new attachment was similar in both groups. Root conditioning with 10% tetracycline solution did not produce any additional new attachment in comparison to the controls.