Monitoring of fluoroquinolone residual levels in chicken eggs by microbiological assay and confirmation by liquid chromatography.

The primary objective of this study was to develop a simple, rapid, and efficient method for the simultaneous determination of four fluoroquinolone residues, ciprofloxacin (CFX), danofloxacin (DFX), enrofloxacin (EFX) and norfloxacin (NFX), in chicken eggs. The samples were first monitored by microbiological assay using Escherichia coli as the reference organism, and were then quantified using HPLC with a fluorescence detector. Egg samples were extracted by the liquid-phase extraction process, and the analytes were analyzed via an ODS column using a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.4% phosphoric acid-0.4% triethylamine (15: 85, v/v) as a mobile phase (pH=2) without purification. The calibration curves were linear (r2>or=0.999) over a concentration range of 0.1-1.0 microg/mL. The majority of the mean recoveries at four different fortification levels, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm, ranged from 73.7+/-7.2% to 87.1+/-12.7%, and the repeatability (as the relative standard deviation) from three repetitive determinations of recovery was between 1.03 and 18.83%. The calculated limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 9 ppb for CFX, EFX and NFX and 0.6 ppb for DFX. Both the bioassay and HPLC methods were applied to 120 total egg samples collected from the six major cities in the Republic of Korea. The bioassay, showed that two samples were positive (i.e contained inhibiting substances). On the other hand, the results of HPLC only identified and quantified the residues of enrofloxacin (from 0.43 to 1.02 ppm) in three samples out of 120. We concluded that the bioassay can be used as a routine screening method for the presence of fluoroquinolones in chicken eggs, which can be confirmed and quantified using LC.

A Case of Fibrous Histiocytoma in Cornea and Corneosclerallimbus

Fibrous histiocytoma are complex group of tumors that feature cells resembling fibroblasts and histiocytes.In a case of fibrous histiocytoma involving the cornea and corneolimbus, we evaluated the finding of H-E, Masson-trichrome, reticulin, CD68, alpha-1-antitrypsin antibody and smooth muscle actin antibody stain after the localized excision in 26 years old male patient. In H-E stain, tumor cell included many multinucleated giant cells having abundant eosinophilic and foamy cytoplasm infiltreated by numerous lymphocyte, CD68 & alpha-1-antit-rypsin antibody staining resulted in diffuusely positive finding. Therefore examination. Good result was noted after complete excision at 6 month follow-up.

Result of One-stage Repair of Hypospadias - According to Site of Urethral Opening / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We reviewed the result of one-stage hypospadias repair of 32 cases, from Jan. 1989 to Dec. 1994, according to the site of urethral opening after release of chordee. The following results were obtained. 1. The posterior hypospadias (posterior penile, penoscrotal) was 18 cases and the anterior & middle hypospadias was 16 cases. 2. Success rate of posterior hypospadias repair was 9/18(50%) and that of anterior & middle hypospadias was 9/16(56.3%), it was not different statistically (P<0.05). 3. Complication rate of posterior hypospadias repair was 9/18 (50%) and of anterior & middle hypospadias was 7/16(43,5%), it was not different statistically (P<0.05) and complications were managed by simple procedure and require no further treatment. In condition, one stage repair of hypospadias could be applicable in most cases of hypospadias. The complication and morbidity were minimal.

Result of One-stage Repair of Hypospadias - According to Site of Urethral Opening / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We reviewed the result of one-stage hypospadias repair of 32 cases, from Jan. 1989 to Dec. 1994, according to the site of urethral opening after release of chordee. The following results were obtained. 1. The posterior hypospadias (posterior penile, penoscrotal) was 18 cases and the anterior & middle hypospadias was 16 cases. 2. Success rate of posterior hypospadias repair was 9/18(50%) and that of anterior & middle hypospadias was 9/16(56.3%), it was not different statistically (P<0.05). 3. Complication rate of posterior hypospadias repair was 9/18 (50%) and of anterior & middle hypospadias was 7/16(43,5%), it was not different statistically (P<0.05) and complications were managed by simple procedure and require no further treatment. In condition, one stage repair of hypospadias could be applicable in most cases of hypospadias. The complication and morbidity were minimal.

Effect of Percutaneous Aspiration and Repeated Sclerotherapy of the Simple Renal Cyst / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Recently the percutaneous aspiration and sclerotherapy has become the most advocated procedure for the symptomatic, large, and simple renal cyst because of its minimal invasiveness and high effectiveness. But the recurrence rate of the simple aspiration and sclerotherapy was reported highly (30-70%). We analysed the effect of percutaneous aspiration and repeated sclerotherapy of the renal cyst in 42 patients from Nov. 1989 to Apr. 1995. Sclerosing agent were 99% ethanol in 33 cases, minocycline in 4 cases, and only aspiration was done in 6 cases. The method of repeated sclerotherapy was achieved about 2.2 times as which aspiration and instillation of sclerosing agent in standing of 8.3 Fr. pigtail catheter during average 2.5 days. After follow up for 17.4 (6-59) months, the complete collapse rate of the renal cyst was 78.7% in the using group of 99% ethanol. 25% in minocycline, 16.696 in the aspiration only. The complete collapse rate according to the times of sclerotherapy was 45.5% in one times, 78.6% in two times, 92% in three times. In conclusion, the sclerotherapy of the simple renal cyst with 99% ethanol was most effective, and we can be expect that the rate of complete collapse has been increased in the repeated sclerotherapy.

Review or Ureteral Obstruction during ESWL Monotherapy without Ureteral Stenting for Staghorn Calculi / 대한비뇨기과학회지

ESWL monotherapy has been considered a valid initial treatment for staghorn calculi. In an effort to reduce post-ESWL obstruction, many urologists place ureteral stents before ESWL. The use of ureteral stents has proved to contribute to successful stone passage and to reduce post- ESWL morbidity but there also have been reports of complications that might have been caused by indwelling ureteral stents. From January 1989 to December 1995, we reviewed 29 patients with ureteral obstruction after ESWL (EDAP LT-01 & 02) monotherapy without ureteral stenting in 47 patients with staghorn calculi. Ureteral obstruction was occurred in 29 patients (61.7%); 16 (55.2%) in the upper ureter, 11 (37.9%) in the lower ureter, and 2 (6.9%) in the mid-ureter. Steinstrasse was occurred in 13 patients (13/29, 44.8%); 8 (61.5%) in the lower ureter, 4 (30.7%) in the upper ureter, and 1 (7.7%) in the mid-ureter. Ureteral obstruction was occurred regardless of the size of the staghorn calculi(length, breadth, volume). The method of resolving ureteral obstruction was additional ESWL (21 patients, 72.4%), and auxillary procedures including PCN (4 patients, 13.8%), push up procedure (1 patient, 3.4%), push up & double J stenting (1 patient, 3.4%), and ureterolithotomy (2 patient, 6.9%). Mean number of session of ESWL resolving ureteral obstruction was 3.27. Overall complete stone-free rate of staghorn calculi was 55.3%(26 patients). Our results indicate that postoperative ureteral obstruction is easily relieved without major complication by additional ESWL or auxillary procedures. Therefore, ie believe that ESWL monotherapy without ureteral stenting may be adequate treatment modality of staghorn calculi.

A Case of Primary Teratoma of Bladder / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Primary teratomas of bladder are exceedingly rare, it can be easily diagnosed by characteristic symptom, cystoscopy, and X-ray and it can be managed by locally removal of tumor or partial cystectomy. A case of primary teratoma of bladder in a 38 years old woman is presented. The patient was managed by transurethral resection of bladder tumor and followed up for 5 years without recurrence.

A Case of Retroperitoneal Neurilemmoma Arising from Adjacent to Adrenal Gland / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Neurilemmoma is well-encapsulated tumor of Schwann cell origin. The majority arise in peripheral nerve or cranial nerve, and rare in retroperitoneum. Although it is incidentally detected by the advances in diagnostic procedures, especially in ultrasound and computed tomography, it is confirmed by pathologic findings. The treatment is surgical excision. We report a case of retroperitoneal neurilemmoma arising from adjacent to adrenal gland, in 45 years old female.

Therapeutic Experience of Stamey Operation for Stress Urinary Incontinence / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Endoscopic suspension of bladder neck by Stamey's procedure is a successful technique of correcting female stress urinary incontinence. We treated 27 patients complaining of urinary incontinence with Stamey operation from February, 1988 to March, 1994. The results was as follows l. Patients was distributed in age from 31 to 63 (mean; 48.8) years. All patients except one were multiparous, average 3.6(2-6)times of deliveries 2. Severities of incontinence were Grade I in 2 patients, Grade II in 20, Grade III in 5. 3. On preoperative lateral cystourethrogram, bladder base was descended about 1.1+/-0.57cm in resting, 2.63+/-1.24cm in straining from SCIPP(Sacrococcygeal-inferior point of pubic bone) line. Preoperative average PUVA(Posterior urethrovesical angle) was 142.2+/-53.27 degree, and average functional urethral length was 2.84+/-l.36cm. 4. Postoperative times of catheterization was 5.8 days, the amount of residual urine was lO5+/-10.3cc after removal of catheter. 5. Incontinence was completely disappeared in 24 patients(88.9%), but 3 patients were recurred due to break of suture material.

A Case of Renal Angiomyolipoma Extending into the Renal Cyst Which was Confused with Renal Pelvis Tumor / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Renal angiomyolipoma is composed of mature fats, smooth muscles and abnormal blood vessels which arises mainly from renal parenchyme and compresses the calyx or protrudes the renal cortex, but which extends into the renal cyst is rare. Recently it can be easily diagnosed preoperatively by several diagnostic modalities such as ultrasonography, computed tomography and several clinical signs associated with tuberous sclerosis, although it`s clinical and radiological features are similar with renal cell carcinoma. We report a case of renal angiomyolipoma without tuberous sclerosis, extending into the renalcyst, which was confused with renal pelvis tumor in a 73 years old male.