ABSTRACT
Three types of adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in which the online monitoring parameters served as the input variable were employed to predict suspended solids (SS(eff)), chemical oxygen demand (COD(eff)), and pH(eff) in the effluent from a biological wastewater treatment plant in industrial park. Artificial neural network (ANN) was also used for comparison. The results indicated that ANFIS statistically outperforms ANN in terms of effluent prediction. When predicting, the minimum mean absolute percentage errors of 2.90, 2.54 and 0.36% for SS(eff), COD(eff) and pH(eff) could be achieved using ANFIS. The maximum values of correlation coefficient for SS(eff), COD(eff), and pH(eff) were 0.97, 0.95, and 0.98, respectively. The minimum mean square errors of 0.21, 1.41 and 0.00, and the minimum root mean square errors of 0.46, 1.19 and 0.04 for SS(eff), COD(eff), and pH(eff) could also be achieved.
Subject(s)
Fuzzy Logic , Medical Waste Disposal/statistics & numerical data , Neural Networks, Computer , Waste Disposal, Fluid/statistics & numerical data , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Industrial Waste/statistics & numerical data , Medical Waste Disposal/standards , Online Systems , Oxygen , Taiwan , Waste Disposal, Fluid/standardsABSTRACT
In this study, Grey model (GM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to predict suspended solids (SSeff) and chemical oxygen demand (CODeff) in the effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in industrial park of Taiwan. When constructing model or predicting, the influent quality or online monitoring parameters were adopted as the input variables. ANN was also adopted for comparison. The results indicated that the minimum MAPEs of 16.13 and 9.85% for SSeff and CODeff could be achieved using GMs when online monitoring parameters were taken as the input variables. Although a good fitness could be achieved using ANN, they required a large quantity of data. Contrarily, GM only required a small amount of data (at least four data) and the prediction results were even better than those of ANN. Therefore, GM could be applied successfully in predicting effluent when the information was not sufficient. The results also indicated that these simple online monitoring parameters could be applied on prediction of effluent quality well.
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/methods , Industrial Waste/analysis , Neural Networks, Computer , Sewage/analysis , Humans , Models, Statistical , Taiwan , Waste Disposal, FluidABSTRACT
Four new polyoxygenated briarane-type diterpenoids, briaexcavatolides O-R (1-4), have been isolated from a gorgonian octocoral Briareum excavatum. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic and chemical methods. Metabolites 1-3 were found to contain oxygenated substituents at C-2, C-3, and C-4, and the relative configurations were assigned as 2R*,3R*,4R* at these three positions. Briaranes containing this type of stereochemistry are reported for the first time. The structures of metabolites 1 and 2 were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analyses. Compound 2 has been shown to exhibit significant cytotoxicity toward P-388 and HT-29 cancer cells.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification , Cnidaria/chemistry , Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Colonic Neoplasms , Crystallography, X-Ray , Diterpenes/chemistry , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphoid , Lung Neoplasms , Mice , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Stereoisomerism , Taiwan , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effectsABSTRACT
A new sesquiterpenoid, junceol A(1), as well as two known diterpenoids, sclerophytin A (2) and cladiellisin (3), have been isolated from the sea pen octocoral Virgularia juncea. The structure of metabolite 1 was determined by extensive spectral analysis. Compounds 1-3 have been shown to exhibit cytotoxicity toward P-388 cancer cells.
Subject(s)
Cnidaria/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification , Animals , Bridged-Ring Compounds/chemistry , Bridged-Ring Compounds/isolation & purification , Bridged-Ring Compounds/pharmacology , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Furans/chemistry , Furans/isolation & purification , Furans/pharmacology , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Leukemia P388 , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Taiwan , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effectsABSTRACT
Four new briarane diterpenes, briaexcavatolides K-N (1-4), along with a known diterpene, 5, have been isolated from the Taiwanese gorgonian Briareum excavatum. The structures of the new metabolites were established by extensive spectral analyses. Furthermore, the structure, including the relative configuration of briaexcavatolide K (1), was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray analysis. Briaexcavatolides K and L (1 and 2) are the only briarane diterpenes known to possess hydroxyl groups at the C-8beta and C-17alpha positions, respectively. Cytotoxicity of these metabolites toward various cancer cell lines also is described.
Subject(s)
Cnidaria/chemistry , Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Animals , Crystallography, X-Ray , Diterpenes/chemistry , Molecular Structure , TaiwanABSTRACT
Three new diterpenes, junceellolides E-G (1-3), along with an unnamed known diterpene 4, possessing the briarane carbon skeleton, have been isolated from the gorgonian Junceella fragilis collected in Taiwanese tropical waters. The structures of the new metabolites 1-3 were elucidated by extensive spectral analyses. The six-membered rings in junceellolides E and F (1 and 2) were found to exist in boat conformations. The structure, including the relative configuration of junceellolide E (1) was further confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Subject(s)
Cnidaria/chemistry , Diterpenes/chemistry , Animals , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Crystallography, X-Ray , Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Freeze Drying , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Pacific Ocean , Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom BombardmentABSTRACT
Fucosterol (1), 24xi-hydroperoxy-24-vinylcholesterol (2), 29-hydroperoxystigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol (3), 24-ethylcholesta-4,24(28)-dien-3-one (4), 24xi-hydroperoxy-24-ethylcholesta-4,28(29)-dien-3-one (5), 24-ethylcholesta-4,24(28)-dien-3,6-dione (6), 24xi-hydroperoxy-24-ethylcholesta-4,28(29)-dien-3,6-di one (7), 6beta-hydroxy-24-ethylcholesta-4,24(28)-dien-3-one (8), and 24xi-hydroperoxy-6beta-hydroxy-24-ethylcholesta-4,28(2 9)-dien-3-one (9) were isolated from the marine brown alga Turbinaria conoides. The structures of these compounds were established by spectral analysis. Isolated for the first time from a natural source, the oxygenated fucosterols 4-9 exhibit cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Oxygen/chemistry , Phaeophyceae/chemistry , Stigmasterol/analogs & derivatives , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Spectrum Analysis , Stigmasterol/chemistry , Stigmasterol/isolation & purification , Stigmasterol/pharmacology , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Eight new briarane-type diterpenes, excavatolides F-M (1-8), have been isolated from the gorgonian Briareum excavatum. The structures and relative stereochemistry of these compounds were established by spectral analysis and chemical methods. The cytotoxicity of these compounds toward various cancer cell lines has also been determined.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification , Cnidaria/chemistry , Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Diterpenes/chemistry , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , HT29 Cells , Humans , KB Cells , Leukemia P388/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Models, Molecular , Nitroblue Tetrazolium , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
The chemistry of Briareum excavatum, a Formosan gorgonian coral, was investigated. This study has led to the isolation of five novel marine natural products, excavatolides A-E (1-5), together with brianolide (6). The structures of the above compounds were established by spectral and chemical methods. The relative configuration of excavatolide B (2) was further confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Cytotoxicity of these compounds toward various cancer cell lines also is described.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification , Cnidaria/chemistry , Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Crystallography, X-Ray , Diterpenes/chemistry , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Two hydroperoxysterols 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl-cholesterol (1) and 29-hydroperoxystigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol (2), and fucosterol (3) were isolated from the brown alga Turbinaria ornata (Sargassaceae). Hydroperoxide 2 is a new natural compound and was converted into 29-hydroxystigmasta-5,24 (28)-dien-3beta-ol (4) by reaction with LAH. Sterols 1, 2, and 4 exhibited cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines.