ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the effect of clinical application of ultrasound in microsurgical treatment of intramedullary tumors in the superior cervical spinal cord.Methods Retrospective study the clinical data of 15 patients with intramedullary tumors in the superior cervical spinal cord,which were underwent a laminectomy for microsurgical tumor resection during January,2014 and January,2018.Intraoperative ultrasound and neuromonitoring was accompanied by the whole surgical procedure for each case.The follow-up data was collected by outpatient department visits and telephone interviews.Results All the described patients were performed with microscopic tumor resection by using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and ultrasound.The pathological diagnosis was ependymocytoma (n=8) and astrocytoma (n=7).Gross total resections comprised 86.7％ of cases (n=13),and subtotal resections 13.3％ (n=2).The neurological outcome was as follows:Mc-Cormick scale grade Ⅰ,10 patients;grade Ⅱ,3 patients;grade Ⅲ,1 patient;and grade Ⅳ 1 patient;Follow-up was applied for (19.2±7.6) months in 13 cases and 12.0 months in 2 cases.Compared to the preoperative period,66.6％ of patients recovered postoperatively,20.0％ improved,6.7％ remained without deficit and deterioration persisted in 6.7％.Conclusion The microscopic resection of tumors is the effective way to cure this disease.By using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and ultrasound,the complete tumor resection and the minimal spinal cord injury were certainly achieved.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the management of spontaneous intraspinal hematoma.Methods From January 2011 to July 2018,29 cases with spontaneous intraspinal hematoma were admitted to our department.Date on etiology,clinical presentation,radiological features,treatment strategy and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.The prognosis was assessed by American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (ASIA) before and after the treatment.Results Total of 29 cases,only 10 cases (34.5％) revealed specific etiology,including 7 cases of spinal vascular malformation,2 of tumor apoplexy,1 of cavernous hemangioma.After 2 weeks of conservative treatment,3 patients with grade D and 3 patients with grade E were assessed for spinal function.The average interval from onset to surgery was(9.4±7.5) days,the ASIA after two weeks of the operation was as follows:5 patients were assessed at grade A,5 patients at grade C,8 patients at grade D and 4 patients at grade E.28 patients were followed up for (48.7±23.1) months on average,6 patients without surgery were E,22 cases with surgery were as follows:4 cases A,18 cases D/E.Conclusions The etiology of spontaneous intraspinal hematoma is hard to define even after complete preoperative examination and exploratory operation.The preoperative neurologic functions are important predicting factors for the prognosis of spontaneous intraspinal hematoma.For patients who had neurologic function deficit,surgical treatment should be performed urgently to remove the hematoma and release the decompression of spinal cord.The majority of these patients can achieve a positive prognosis after surgery.
Subject(s)
Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology , Cerebellopontine Angle/pathology , Meningioma/complications , Neurilemmoma/complications , Cerebellar Neoplasms/surgery , Cerebellopontine Angle/surgery , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism , Hearing Loss/etiology , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Meningioma/diagnosis , Meningioma/surgery , Middle Aged , Neurilemmoma/diagnosis , Neurilemmoma/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures , S100 Proteins/metabolism , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Pituitary adenomas are the common neoplasms that cause mass effect and/or endocrine dysfunction. Studies in the pathogenesis and functional regulation of pituitary adenomas are mainly focused on the following two topics: (a) the origin of pituitary adenomas and abnormal physical adjustment due to the activation of oncogenes and loss of function for tumour-suppressor genes; and (b) the mechanistic anomalies of the intracellular signal transduction. Among which, the Raf/MEK/ERK signalling has been considered to be one of the major and central pathways in disease aetiology. Raf/MEK/ERK signalling is evolutionarily conserved that controls cellular growth, differentiation and survival. Altered functionality of this signalling pathway has been found to be involved in the development of several types of cancers in humans including pituitary adenomas. This review summarises the roles of Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway in pituitary tumourigenesis and highlights the clinical potential of this signalling pathways to be a therapeutic target for intervention and treatment of pituitary adenomas.
Subject(s)
Adenoma/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects , Pituitary Neoplasms/drug therapy , raf Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Adenoma/enzymology , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/physiology , Humans , MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/physiology , MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology , Pituitary Neoplasms/enzymology , Signal Transduction/physiology , raf Kinases/physiologyABSTRACT
Clear cell hidradenocarcinoma (CCH) is an exceedingly rare and highly malignant tumor of the eccrine sweat glands. Its treatment is extremely difficult due to the characteristically aggressive clinical course including repeated local recurrence and uncontrollable distal metastasis coming along with a very poor prognosis. Most published case studies recommend a wide surgical excision followed by adjuvant conservative therapy, which is generally considered to be the standard treatment. Two cases of nodular CCH of the scalp either presenting as a singular primary lesion or at an already metastatic stage were analyzed retrospectively. Wide local excision of the tumor couldn't prevent the primary carcinoma from recurring and metastasizing. Both cases received various therapies but the results were unsatisfactory. Although most authors have recommended that early wide surgical excision of the tumor is a feasible therapeutic measurement, our results raise doubts on the efficacy of this treatment strategy. As alternative approaches (i.e. chemotherapy, radiotherapy) are similarly controversial, further studies and a wide exchange of clinical experiences are crucial.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell , Diagnosis , Pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Pathology , Scalp , Pathology , Skin Neoplasms , Diagnosis , PathologyABSTRACT
Clear cell hidradenocarcinoma (CCH) is an exceedingly rare and highly malignant tumor of the eccrine sweat glands. Its treatment is extremely difficult due to the characteristically aggressive clinical course including repeated local recurrence and uncontrollable distal metastasis coming along with a very poor prognosis. Most published case studies recommend a wide surgical excision followed by adjuvant conservative therapy, which is generally considered to be the standard treatment. Two cases of nodular CCH of the scalp either presenting as a singular primary lesion or at an already metastatic stage were analyzed retrospectively. Wide local excision of the tumor couldn't prevent the primary carcinoma from recurring and metastasizing. Both cases received various therapies but the results were unsatisfactory. Although most authors have recommended that early wide surgical excision of the tumor is a feasible therapeutic measurement, our results raise doubts on the efficacy of this treatment strategy. As alternative approaches (i.e. chemotherapy, radiotherapy) are similarly controversial, further studies and a wide exchange of clinical experiences are crucial.
