[Antiviral activity of representatives of the family Crassulaceae]. / Antivirusnaia aktivnost' nekotorykh predstavitelei semeistva tolstiankovykh.

The antiviral properties of the juice of 11 species of the orpine family were studied. 8 of them belonged to the genera Kalanchoe, i. e. Kalanchoe diagremontiona R. Hamet, K. pinnata (Zam.) Persoon, K. Peteri Werd., K. prolifera (Bovie) R. Hamet, K. marnierriana (Mann. et Boit) Jacobs; K. blossfeldiana v. Poelln, K. beharensis Drake del Gastillo, K. waldheimii R. Hamet et Perr and 3 belonged to the Sedum genera, i. e. Sedum telephium L., S. spectabile Boreau, S. acre L. A high virus neutralizing activity of the juice from 4 species of Kalanchoe, i. e. K. blossfeldiana, K. waldheimii, K. pinnata and K. beharensis was shown. Inhibition of the virus infecting activity was observed at the juice dilutions from 1-2 to 1-8000 and higher. The viricidal factor of Kalanchoe is stable. It is not destroyed by ether, alcohol and potassium periodate. It is not absorbed by bentonite at the acid pH values. Addition of cattle serum or purified proteins to the juice resulted in their precipitation which suppressed the viricidal activity of the juice.

[Experimental study of the effectiveness of antibacterial preparations in treating dysentery]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie éffektivnosti nekotorykh antibakterial'nykh preparatov pri lechenii dizenterii.

It was found that for successful elaboration of effective schemes for the use of antibacterial drugs in treatment of dysentery it was necessary to exploit various experimental models providing consideration of the drug toxicity and effect on the extra- and intracellular growth of the bacteria in addition to the other factors. The administration of enteroceptol for 3 days followed by furazolidon showed the best therapeutic effect in the treatment of guinea pigs with Shigella keratoconjunctivitis and Syrian hamsters with dysentery. The above drugs had low toxicity which was shown in the experiments with Hep-2 cell cultures. It was concluded that the use of the drugs with different modes of action was advisable in treatment of dysentery.

[Experimental study of the pathogenesis of dysentery]. / Nekotorye voprosy patogeneza dizenterii pri ikh éksperimental'nom izuchenii.

It was shown that experimental dysentery could be produced against the background of various pathologic conditions of experimental animals (avitaminosis, concurrent diseases, etc). The studies in vivo and in vitro showed that intraepithelial parasitising of Shigella occurred in dysentery but did not play the leading role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Macrophages played a more important role, particularly in formation of the bacterial carrier state. In order to resolve some disputable problems of the pathogenesis of dysentery it is necessary to take into account the biological properties of the causative agent which change under the influence ov various effects, as well as the state of reponsiveness of the host.

[Experimental study of bacteremia and its role in the pathogenesis of dysentery]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie bakteriemii i ee znachenie v patogeneze dizenterii

In experiments on white mice pathophysiological, bacteriological, histological and immunofluorescent methods of investigation were used; it was shown that Sonne dysentery bacteria were capable during a short period of time to penetrate into the blood from the lumen of the stomach and the small intestine and moreover to deposit in the cells of the mucosa of the said organs. Into the large intestine the pathogen penetrates from the above situated departments of the intestine, which was most often observed in impairment of the evacuatory function of the stomach; moreover, the possibility of elimination of Sonne Shigella, as well as products of their desintegration, by the large intestine wall was shown. Bacteriemia is a short-term phenomenon and could be identified at early periods following infection, which may account for the fact of rare identification of Shigella in the blood of patients with dysentery.

[Experimental study of the effect of a number of chemotherapeutic preparations on the intracellular growth of dysentery bacteria, and their interaction with epithelial cells]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie vliianiia riada khimioterapevticheskikh preparatov na vnutrikletochnyi rost bakterii dizenterii i vzaimodeistvie ikh s épitelial'nymi kletkami

The effect of some chemotherapeutics on intercellular growth of Sh. sonnei and their capacity for penetration into cells Hep-2 and primarily triptinized cells of the monkey kidneys was studied. By the character of their effect the drugs were divided into 3 groups. The drugs of the first group, i.e. furazolidone had no effect on intracellular growth of Shigella. The drugs of the second group, i.e. neomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, polymyxin M, ampicillin, negram and 5-NOK induced a rapid decrease in the number of the specimens located inside the cells. The drugs of the third group, i. e. enteroseptol, streptomycin and tetracycline promoted a decrease in the intracellular growth of Shigella by the 3rd-4th day. None of the drugs could be detected inside the cells in the concentrations corresponding to the minimal bacteriostatic ones with respect to Shigella. The activity of the drugs of the second group was connected with their cytotoxicity.