ABSTRACT
Urinary aspartate-transaminase activity in the whole urine was found to be mean +/- S.D. = 8.46 +/- 0.69 l.U/l when measured immediately after urine collection. About 50% loss in enzyme activity was observed after 18 hours dialysis. An overall 176% increase in enzyme activity followed by Sephadex G-25 (fine) whole urine fractionation and a highly significant (P less than .001) partial inhibition by earlier Sephadex fractions and maximum inhibition by earlier Sephadex fractions and maximum inhibition of enzyme by fraction 7 have suggested the presence of both high and low molecular weight urinary inhibitors of aspartate-transaminase. Urea and ammonia presence and inhibitor activity in fraction 6 to 8 bear a close parallelism; both the substances produced 31% inhibition of partially purified goat liver GOT at concentrations approximating normal human urine. Therefore, low enzyme activity and its substantial loss in the whole urine and during dialysis may be due to the concomitant inhibitory effects of urea, ammonia and unidentified nature of high molecular weight substance(s). The present method may be effective in separating inhibitors and overcoming the disadvantages of dialysis in determining true urinary aspartate-transaminase activity.
Subject(s)
Aspartate Aminotransferases/urine , Adult , Ammonia/urine , Aspartate Aminotransferases/antagonists & inhibitors , Chromatography, Gel , Enzyme Inhibitors/urine , Humans , Male , Molecular Weight , Reference Values , Urea/urineSubject(s)
Pica/blood , Zinc/blood , Child , Child, Preschool , Hemoglobins/analysis , Humans , Infant , Pica/etiology , Zinc/deficiency , Zinc/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism , Tryptophan/metabolism , Biopsy , Child, Preschool , Chlorides , Female , Ferric Compounds , Humans , India , Infant , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Male , Tryptophan/urine , Xanthurenates/urineSubject(s)
Blood Glucose/analysis , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , Infant, Premature , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Male , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
PIP: Ovulation detection is important in fertility control or promotion. This study compares 2 methods of ovulation detection, Basal Body Temperature (BBT) and calorimetric readings of urine by Sevag and Colton's method, in 70 healthy unmarried medical students (17 to 25 years old) from the G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur. The girls were thoroughly instructed in BBT record maintenance, including a record of dates of occurrence of intermenstrual abdominal pain and appearance of vaginal discharge of clear slippery mucus. Sevag and Colton's method for detecting day of ovulation involved chemical examination of urine collected between 11 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. for successive nights. Ovulation day in all cycles fell within the 6th to 18th day range. Both methods gave similar results in range and distribution of ovulatory days and incidence of ovulatory/anovulatory cycles. Both methods found 88.6% of total cycles to be anovulatory. Occurrence of intermenstrual pain and appearance of characteristic vaginal mucus discharge occurred in 5.7% and 20% of ovulatory cycles, if these phenomena are taken as criteria for ovulation. Ovulation day occurred within the range of 8th to 15th day in 91.4% of ovulatory cycles in the chemical method and in 89.8% of ovulatory cycles in the BBT method. The study shows that ovulation detection by either chemical examination of urine or BBT record has some degree of reliability, but intermenstrual pain or characteristic vaginal mucus discharge have limited value.^ieng
Subject(s)
Body Temperature , Ovulation , Urine , Abdomen , Adolescent , Adult , Colorimetry , Female , Humans , Methods , Mucus , Pain , VaginaSubject(s)
Hydrocortisone/blood , Physical Education and Training , Physical Exertion , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , SpectrophotometryABSTRACT
The statement made in some standard textbooks that Benedict's qualitative test gives a green, yellow, or orange-red precipitate with pure solutions of glucose of varying strength has been shown to be incorrect. Pure solutions of glucose give only a bright red precipitate at all concentrations. These changes in the colour of the suspensions are observed with urinary glucose only. The difference in the action of glucose in water and in urine has been shown to be mostly due to creatinine and to a small extent to the histidine content of urine. The colour of the precipitate depends not only on the concentration of glucose but also on that of creatinine. An increase in concentration of creatinine tends to make the precipitate more yellow. Histidine has a similar though much smaller effect. Attention has been drawn to possible errors in the semi-quantitative assay of urinary glucose by Benedict's test arising out of variation in concentration of creatinine and histidine.
Subject(s)
Creatinine/urine , Glycosuria/diagnosis , Histidine/urine , Chemical Precipitation , Colorimetry , Copper , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Glucose/analysis , Humans , Oxidation-ReductionABSTRACT
Creatinine appears to alter the colour and bulky nature of the cuprous oxide precipitate not by altering the chemical composition of the precipitate but by the physical process of retardation of the growth of newly formed yellow cuprous oxide crystals to large red crystals by adhering to their surface and blocking some sites for further crystal growth.
