ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. This review evaluates the established use of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in papillary, follicular, Hürthle cell, anaplastic, and medullary thyroid cancers. The significance of incidental diffuse and focal thyroid FDG uptake is discussed. The evolving value of non-FDG radiotracers, including (124)I, (18)F-dihydroxyphenylalanine, and (68)Ga somatostatin analogs, is summarized. CONCLUSION: PET/CT is a valuable imaging test, in the appropriate clinical context, for the management of thyroid cancers.
Subject(s)
Multimodal Imaging/methods , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Metastasis is the most common (95%) of liver lesions. Early diagnosis and staging are the keys to treatment planning and prognosis. There is a consistent benefit to the use of PET/CT for detecting hepatic, local, and distant metastases from a variety of primary malignancies, which can contribute to staging and ultimately helps to establish the best course of treatment and to determine prognosis. CONCLUSION: For colorectal cancer, FDG PET and FDG PET/CT are particularly effective for identification of additional hepatic and extrahepatic metastases, frequently upstaging the tumor stage and affecting management. In addition, PET/CT is very useful in local ablative and systemic therapy assessment and surveillance for liver metastases.
Subject(s)
Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Radiography , Radionuclide Imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Primary hepatobiliary malignancies consist of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer. Benign hepatic lesions include hepatic cysts, hemagiomas, adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasias. The utility of PET/CT in imaging primary hepatobiliary lesions varies according to the type and location of the lesion. CONCLUSION: There is a consistent benefit to the use of PET/CT for detection and staging, and it ultimately helps to establish the best course of treatment and to determine prognosis. In addition, PET/CT is very useful in local ablative and systemic therapy assessment and surveillance for hepatobiliary malignancies.
Subject(s)
Bile Duct Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnostic imaging , Cholangiocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Gallbladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Acetates , Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology , Carbon Radioisotopes , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This article will discuss the (18)F-FDG normal variant uptake and the role of FDG PET/CT in malignancies in HIV-infected patients, CNS manifestations of HIV, assessing fever of unknown origin in HIV patients, assessing response to highly active antiretroviral therapy and assessing complications. CONCLUSION: FDG PET/CT is a valuable imaging study in the management of HIV-infected patients.
