ABSTRACT
Nebulization with saline solution, although commonly used to alleviate respiratory symptoms, particularly in children, is often questioned concerning its effectiveness. In this study, we investigated the effects of isotonic saline nebulization on lung function in 40 children (mean age of 14±1 years) suffering from different types of airway disorders. Measurements were carried out directly before and up to 15 min after nebulization, for six days in a row, always on the same day time in the morning. The children were divided into two study groups according to the baseline ratio of forced expired volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), below and above 80 %. We found significant improvements after saline nebulization in FEV1, mid-expiratory flow at 50 % and 75 % of FVC (MEF50 and MEF75), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the group with the baseline FEV1/FVC less than 80 %. In contradistinction, children with an index greater than 80 % displayed no appreciable changes in the lung function variables when compared with the baseline level before saline nebulization. We conclude that isotonic saline nebulization might mitigate the functional signs of threatening pulmonary obstruction and as such may be clinically useful in pediatric patients with mild respiratory problems.
Subject(s)
Lung/physiology , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Respiration Disorders/physiopathology , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Saline Solution/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume/drug effects , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Humans , Lung/drug effects , Male , Respiration Disorders/diagnosis , Respiratory Mechanics/drug effectsSubject(s)
Breast Feeding , Hospitals , Infant Care , Infant Food , Women's Health , Breast Feeding/ethnology , Breast Feeding/psychology , Female , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , Hospitals/history , Humans , Infant , Infant Care/economics , Infant Care/history , Infant Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Infant Care/psychology , Infant Food/economics , Infant Food/history , Infant Welfare/economics , Infant Welfare/ethnology , Infant Welfare/history , Infant Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Infant Welfare/psychology , Pregnancy , Rome/ethnology , Vatican City/ethnology , Women/education , Women/history , Women/psychology , Women's Health/economics , Women's Health/ethnology , Women's Health/history , Women's Health/legislation & jurisprudenceSubject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Cultural Characteristics , Hospitals, Religious , Marriage , Pregnancy in Adolescence , Social Control Policies , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior/ethnology , Adolescent Behavior/physiology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Adolescent Health Services/economics , Adolescent Health Services/history , Adolescent Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Female , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , Hospitals/history , Hospitals, Maternity/economics , Hospitals, Maternity/history , Hospitals, Maternity/legislation & jurisprudence , Hospitals, Pediatric/economics , Hospitals, Pediatric/history , Hospitals, Pediatric/legislation & jurisprudence , Hospitals, Religious/economics , Hospitals, Religious/history , Hospitals, Religious/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Italy/ethnology , Local Government , Marriage/ethnology , Marriage/history , Marriage/legislation & jurisprudence , Marriage/psychology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy in Adolescence/ethnology , Pregnancy in Adolescence/physiology , Pregnancy in Adolescence/psychology , Public Health/economics , Public Health/education , Public Health/history , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Rome/ethnology , Social Class , Social Conditions/economics , Social Conditions/history , Social Conditions/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Control Policies/economics , Social Control Policies/history , Social Control Policies/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Values/ethnology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Occasionally in patients who have symptoms suggestive of a vertical heterophoria no deviation is found, even on careful examination. Six days of occlusion have been recommended for uncovering such "latent" vertical deviations. We investigated prolonged monocular occlusion (Part I) and found that vertical deviations of varying amounts manifested on symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Thus, results of prolonged occlusion can be difficult to interpret. Nonadaptive vertical vergence systems have been implicated in development of symptoms. Therefore, it may be that diagnostic monocular occlusion is not appropriate unless patients have symptoms of vertical imbalance. We used (24 h) occlusion and associated phoria measurements (Part II) to determine vertical prism prescriptions which eliminated symptoms of seven symptomatic patients who did not show significant vertical heterophoria on routine clinical testing. We present data and case reports which elucidate the efficacy of this procedure.
