ABSTRACT
We have evaluated some of the most recent breakthroughs in the synthesis and applications of graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials. This review includes three major categories. The first section consists of an overview of the structure and properties, including thermal, optical, and electrical transport. Recent developments in the synthesis techniques are elaborated in the second section. A number of top-down strategies for the synthesis of graphene, including exfoliation and chemical reduction of graphene oxide, are discussed. A few bottom-up synthesis methods for graphene are also covered, including thermal chemical vapor deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, thermal decomposition of silicon, unzipping of carbon nanotubes, and others. The final section provides the recent innovations in graphene applications and the commercial availability of graphene-based devices.
ABSTRACT
The (35)Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) frequencies (nu(Q)) in caesium and sodium chlorates were measured as a function of temperature, from 77 to 300 K at different pressures up to 5.1 kbar, and the data were analysed to estimate the volume dependence of the electric field gradient (EFG), torsional frequency and also the contributions to the NQR frequency from static and dynamic effects. The variation of spin-lattice relaxation time with pressure at different temperatures was studied in the case of sodium chlorate and at room temperature in case of caesium chlorate. The pressure dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation time (T(1)) suggests that the relaxation is mainly due to the torsional motions.
