Perfiles de estilos de afrontamiento y relación con el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad / Coping style profiles and relationship with academic performance of university students with disabilities

Este estudio identifica si existen perfiles de estilos de afrontamiento en función de las estrategias de afrontamiento más utilizadas en un grupo de estudiantes con discapacidad según el sexo, edad, tipología y etapa en la que se adquiere la discapacidad. Asimismo, examina si las puntuaciones medias en rendimiento académico varían en función de los perfiles de afrontamiento obtenidos. El “COPE, versión breve” fue administrado a una muestra de 153 estudiantes universitarios de 18 y 26 años (M= 24,69; DT= 5,02) con diferentes tipos de discapacidad (visual, auditiva, motora y cognitiva). Los resultados reflejaron un porcentaje más elevado de estudiantes con estilos de afrontamiento evitativo y basados en apoyo social, encontrándose este perfil, en mayor medida, entre estudiantes con discapacidad auditiva y cognitiva, que han adquirido esta discapacidad a lo largo de la vida. Con respecto al rendimiento académico se observó relación positiva con el estilo de afrontamiento activo. Los resultados enfatizan la necesidad de fomentar competencias de afrontamiento activo para potenciar el éxito académico de los estudiantes con discapacidad. (AU)

This study aims to identify the existence of profiles of coping styles based on the most used coping strategies in a group of students with disability, according to sex, age, type and stage in which the disability is acquired. Likewise, it is examined whether the average scores in academic performance vary according to the coping profiles obtained. The inventory Brief COPE was administered to a sample of 153 university students from 18- to 26-years old (M= 24.69, SD= 5.02), with different types of disability (visual, hearing, motor and cognitive). The results reflect a higher percentage of students with avoidant and social support-based coping styles, finding this profile to a greater extent among students with auditory and cognitive functional diversity, who have acquired this disability throughout life. Regarding academic performance, a positive relationship was expressed with the active coping style. The results emphasize the need to promote active coping skills to enhance the academic success of students with disability. (AU)

Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: Association Among Battered Mothers' Parenting Competences and Children's Behavior.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to violence perpetrated on a mother by her intimate partner (IPV or intimate partner violence) has an impact on the psychosocial adjustment of her children. In addition, the violence suffered by mothers could affect parental competences. METHODS: Through the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), this work analyzes the psychosocial adjustment in children between 6 and 17 years old who live with their mothers in shelters after having experienced IPV situations. It also explores the association between mothers' parenting competences and children's adjustment in shelters. RESULTS: The evaluation shows a negative correlation between the quality of mothers' care of their children during their stay in shelters and the rate of children's behavioral problems, so that the better the parental competences of mothers, the lower the rate of behavioral problems presented by children. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of IPV, mother-child relationships can be affected. Children exposed to IPV may exhibit more externalizing behavior problems and their mothers may have difficulty demonstrating competent parenting behaviors while living in a shelter. Work should be aimed at reestablishing parenting competences in mothers and the quality of mother-child interactions while they remain in the shelters, in an effort to mitigate the psychosocial consequences of IPV for their children.

Emotional Intelligence Profiles of University Students with Motor Disabilities: Differential Analysis of Self-Concept Dimensions.

Background: This study compares the self-concept of students that have motor disabilities with that of students in the normative group. It also considers whether there are EI (emotional intelligence) profiles based on combinations of EI components (attention, clarity, and mood repair). Finally, it analyzes whether there are statistically significant differences in self-concept based on the EI profiles found. Method: 102 university students with motor disabilities participated. The age range was 19-33 (M = 20.22, SD = 4.36). The Escala de Autoconcepto Forma 5 (Self-Concept Scale Form 5, AF5) and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) were administered. Results: The scores for self-concept were lower in the sample of students with reduced mobility. The cluster analysis also identified three different EI profiles: one group of young people with high general EI scores, one group with high scores for clarity and mood repair, and a last group of students with low EI scores. Finally, the ANOVA showed better self-concept in the group with high scores in the three EI dimensions. The results suggest that better self-concept is associated with a high EI profile. Conclusions: It would be interesting to provide programs that consider EI in more depth to strengthen these students' self-concept.

Problemas de conducta infantil y competencias parentales en madres en contextos de violencia de género / Child behaviour problems and parenting skills of mothers in environments of intimate partner violence

Objetivo: Evaluar la problemática comportamental de los/las menores que han estado expuestos/as junto a sus madres a situaciones de violencia de género, y el efecto moderador de las pautas de crianza materna. Método: Se analiza, mediante la Child Behavior Checklist, la problemática conductual de 46 menores de entre 6 y 16 años de edad, y la posible relación entre los problemas detectados y las competencias parentales mostradas en la interacción madre-hijo/a en los centros de acogida. Resultados: Se detecta una mayor problemática conductual en los/las menores, en comparación con la población normativa. Las dificultades en la crianza y la interacción madre-hijo/a se relacionan especialmente con la manifestación de problemas externalizantes. Conclusiones: Vivir en contextos de violencia de género afecta al ajuste psicosocial de los/las menores y deteriora las competencias parentales de las víctimas. En consecuencia, la intervención de los/las profesionales del ámbito sociosanitario con las víctimas debería prestar mayor atención a las dificultades de los/las menores y a restablecer las competencias de crianza de las madres en aras de paliar las repercusiones de la violencia de género en sus hijos/as (AU)

Objective: To assess the behavioural problems of children who have been exposed to intimate partner violence situations, and the moderating effect of mother parenting. Method: We analysed, using the Child Behavior CheckList, behavioural problems of 46 children between 6 and 16 years, and the relationship between the detected problems and parenting skills shown in the mother-child interaction in shelters. Results: Increased behavioural problems were detected in children, compared with normative population. Difficulties in parenting skills in mother-child interaction especially connect with the manifestation of externalizing problems in children. Conclusions: Living in a gender violence environment affects children's psychosocial adjustment and it damages the victim's parental competence. Consequently, the intervention of socio-health professionals with Intimate partner violence victims should pay more attention to detect the difficulties of children and restore the parenting skills of the mothers in order to alleviate the repercussions of gender violence on their children (AU)

[Child behaviour problems and parenting skills of mothers in environments of intimate partner violence]. / Problemas de conducta infantil y competencias parentales en madres en contextos de violencia de género.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the behavioural problems of children who have been exposed to intimate partner violence situations, and the moderating effect of mother parenting. METHOD: We analysed, using the Child Behavior CheckList, behavioural problems of 46 children between 6 and 16 years, and the relationship between the detected problems and parenting skills shown in the mother-child interaction in shelters. RESULTS: Increased behavioural problems were detected in children, compared with normative population. Difficulties in parenting skills in mother-child interaction especially connect with the manifestation of externalizing problems in children. CONCLUSIONS: Living in a gender violence environment affects children's psychosocial adjustment and it damages the victim's parental competence. Consequently, the intervention of socio-health professionals with Intimate partner violence victims should pay more attention to detect the difficulties of children and restore the parenting skills of the mothers in order to alleviate the repercussions of gender violence on their children.

[Factors associated with empowerment in people with a spinal cord injury due to traffic accidents]. / Factores asociados al empoderamiento en personas con lesión medular tras un accidente de tráfico.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la capacidad de empoderamiento de un grupo de personas con lesión medular en función de la edad, el sexo, la condición funcional y la edaden la cual adquirieron la lesión. METHODS: Ninety-four participants with a spinal cord injury (42 tetraplegics and 52 paraplegics) completed the Spanish version of the Rogers, Chamberlin, Ellison and Crean Scale (1997), designed to measure empowerment. RESULTS: The analyses indicated higher levels of empowerment among women. Persons with tetraplegia whose injury was more longstanding also showed greater empowerment. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the capacity to become empowered can vary and evolve and should therefore be promoted in intervention programs.

Factores asociados al empoderamiento en personas con lesión medular tras un accidente de tráfico / Factors associated with empowerment in people with a spinal cord injury due to traffic accidents

Objetivo: Analizar la capacidad de empoderamiento de un grupo de personas con lesión medular en función de la edad, el sexo, la condición funcional y la edad en la cual adquirieron la lesión. Métodos: Participaron 94 personas con lesión medular (42 tetrapléjicos y 52 parapléjicos), que contestaron la versión española adaptada de la Escala de Rogers, Chamberlin, Ellison y Crean (1997), diseñada para medir el empoderamiento. Resultados: Los análisis indicaron niveles más altos de esta capacidad en las mujeres. Asimismo, las personas con tetraplejia que tuvieron el accidente hace más años indicaron más empoderamiento. Conclusión: El estudio sugiere que esta capacidad puede variar y evolucionar. Por lo tanto, es importante fomentarla en programas de intervención-acción (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar la capacidad de empoderamiento de un grupo de personas con lesión medular en función de la edad, el sexo, la condición funcional y la edaden la cual adquirieron la lesión. Methods: Ninety-four participants with a spinal cord injury (42 tetraplegics and 52 paraplegics) completed the Spanish version of the Rogers, Chamberlin, Ellison and Crean Scale (1997), designed to measure empowerment. Results: The analyses indicated higher levels of empowerment among women. Persons with tetraplegia whose injury was more longstanding also showed greater empowerment. Conclusion: This study suggests that the capacity to become empowered can vary and evolve and should therefore be promoted in intervention programs (AU)

Perfiles resilientes y calidad de vida en personas con discapacidad sobrevenida por accidentes de tráfico / Profiles of resilience and quality of life in people with acquired disability due to traffic accidents

Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio es identificar si existen combinaciones de factores resilientes que den lugar a diferentes perfiles de resiliencia en personas con lesión medular por un accidente de tráfico. Asimismo, se comprueba si los grupos obtenidos difieren respecto a la calidad de vida. Métodos: Se administraron la Escala de Resiliencia (Wagnild y Young, 1993) y la versión adaptada de la Escala de calidad de vida (GENCAT) a 98 personas con lesión medular. Resultados: El análisis de conglomerados identificó tres perfiles resilientes: un perfil de alta resiliencia, un perfil de baja resiliencia y un grupo con un predominio de aceptación de uno mismo y de la vida y competencia social. Los resultados revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los perfiles obtenidos con respecto a las dimensiones de calidad de vida. Conclusión: Esto sugiere la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento de la resiliencia y en el diseño de programas que incrementen la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad tras un accidente de tráfico (AU)

Objectives: To identify distinct profiles of resilience in people with spinal cord injuries due to traffic accidents and to determine whether the profiles identified are related to differences in subjective well-being. Methods: The Resilience Scale (Wagnild and Young, 1993) and an adapted quality of life scale (GENCAT) were administered to 98 people with physical disabilities due to traffic accidents. Results: Cluster analyses identified three different resilience profiles: a high-resilience group, a low-resilience group, and a group showing a predominance of high scores in self and life acceptance and social competence. The results also revealed statistically significant differences among profiles in most domains of subjective well-being. Conclusion: The results suggest the need to study resilience in greater depth and to design programs to enhance quality of life among people with disabilities due to traffic accidents (AU)

Repercusión del envejecimiento sobre la conducción: declive y estrategias compensatorias / Impact of ageing on driving: decline and compensatory strategies

Introducción: La conducción de vehículos por personas mayores es una realidad creciente y una de las actividades que ayuda a mantener la sensación de autonomía personal. Sin embargo, la calidad de la conducción puede verse afectada por el envejecimiento. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es comparar la percepción de un grupo de conductores sobre los cambios asociados a la edad y los ajustes utilizados en la conducción en función de la edad. Material y método: Se reclutó una muestra de 312 conductores de 20 a 80 años de edad procedentes de centros de reconocimiento médico para la renovación del carné de conducir, así como de centros de recuperación de puntos. A los participantes se les administró un cuestionario sobre características de la conducción y el cuestionario de adaptación a la conducción. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas tanto en los declives percibidos como en los ajustes compensatorios, observándose que los conductores mayores de 65 años indicaron medias más elevadas que el resto de rangos de edad. El grupo de 70 a 80 años es el que usa estrategias compensatorias: «no conducir si llueve», «evitar adelantar», «no conducir de noche», «conducir solo por determinadas zonas» o «aparcar en línea». Conclusiones: Dado que la edad influye en la conducción de vehículos, los mayores usan estrategias de compensación para aminorar el impacto que el envejecimiento provoca sobre esta habilidad (AU)

Introduction: Driving by the elderly is a growing reality, and an activity that helps to maintain a sense of personal freedom. But the driving quality can be affected by aging. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the perception of a group of drivers on the age-related changes and the adjustments made in the driving depending on age. Material and methods: A sample of 312 drivers from 20 to 80 years-old were recruited from medical centers for renewal of driving license, as well as in license points recovery centers. The participants were given a questionnaire on driving characteristics and questionnaire on driving adjustments. Results: There were statistically significant differences in both the perceived decline and in compensatory adjustments, noting that drivers age 65 years and older scored higher means than others. The group from 70 to 80-years-old used compensatory strategies: 'Do not drive if it rains' 'avoid overtaking', 'Do not drive at night,' 'only drive in certain areas' or 'park in a line'. Conclusions: Since age influences driving, the greater use compensatory strategies lessens the impact that aging has on this skill (AU)

[Factors associated with empowerment in people with a spinal cord injury due to traffic accidents]. / Factores asociados al empoderamiento en personas con lesión medular tras un accidente de tráfico.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la capacidad de empoderamiento de un grupo de personas con lesión medular en función de la edad, el sexo, la condición funcional y la edaden la cual adquirieron la lesión. METHODS: Ninety-four participants with a spinal cord injury (42 tetraplegics and 52 paraplegics) completed the Spanish version of the Rogers, Chamberlin, Ellison and Crean Scale (1997), designed to measure empowerment. RESULTS: The analyses indicated higher levels of empowerment among women. Persons with tetraplegia whose injury was more longstanding also showed greater empowerment. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the capacity to become empowered can vary and evolve and should therefore be promoted in intervention programs.

Perfiles resilientes y su relación con las habilidades sociales en personas con discapacidad motora / Resilience profiles and their relationship to social skills in persons with physical disabilities

El presente estudio trata de identificar si existen combinaciones de factores resilientes que den lugar a diferentes perfiles de resiliencia en personas con discapacidad motora. Asimismo, comprobar si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos obtenidos respecto a las dimensiones de las habilidades sociales. La "Escala de resiliencia" (Resilience Scale; Wagnild y Young, 1993) y la "Escala de habilidades sociales" (EHS; Gismero, 2002) fueron administradas a 116 personas con discapacidad motora, de entre 20 y 45 años (M = 22,25; DT= 4,33). El análisis de conglomerados identificó cuatro perfiles resilientes: un perfil de alta resiliencia, un perfil de baja resiliencia, un grupo con un predominio de aceptación de uno mismo y de la vida y un último perfil con predominio de competencia social. Los resultados revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los perfiles obtenidos con respecto a las dimensiones de las habilidades sociales. Esto sugiere la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento de la resiliencia y en el diseño de programas que potencien las habilidades sociales de las personas con discapacidad para su integración psicosocial

The present study is aimed to identify different profiles in resilience. In addition, significant differences in social skills domains among profiles previously identified are also analyzed. The Resilience Scale (Wagnild & Young, 1993) and Social Skills Scale (Gismero, 2002) were administered to 116 people with physical disabilities, aged 20 to 45 years (M= 22.25, DT= 4.33). Cluster analyses allowed identifying four different resilience profiles: a group of people with a high resilience profile, a group with low resilience, a group with predominance of high scores in self and life acceptance and, finally, a group of people with high social competence. Results also revealed significant statistical differences in most domains of social skills among profiles. Results suggest the need of broadening

[Profiles of resilience and quality of life in people with acquired disability due to traffic accidents]. / Perfiles resilientes y calidad de vida en personas con discapacidad sobrevenida por accidentes de tráfico.

OBJECTIVES: To identify distinct profiles of resilience in people with spinal cord injuries due to traffic accidents and to determine whether the profiles identified are related to differences in subjective well-being. METHODS: The Resilience Scale (Wagnild and Young, 1993) and an adapted quality of life scale (GENCAT) were administered to 98 people with physical disabilities due to traffic accidents. RESULTS: Cluster analyses identified three different resilience profiles: a high-resilience group, a low-resilience group, and a group showing a predominance of high scores in self and life acceptance and social competence. The results also revealed statistically significant differences among profiles in most domains of subjective well-being. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the need to study resilience in greater depth and to design programs to enhance quality of life among people with disabilities due to traffic accidents.

[Impact of ageing on driving: decline and compensatory strategies]. / Repercusión del envejecimiento sobre la conducción: declive y estrategias compensatorias.

INTRODUCTION: Driving by the elderly is a growing reality, and an activity that helps to maintain a sense of personal freedom. But the driving quality can be affected by aging. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the perception of a group of drivers on the age-related changes and the adjustments made in the driving depending on age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 312 drivers from 20 to 80 years-old were recruited from medical centers for renewal of driving license, as well as in license points recovery centers. The participants were given a questionnaire on driving characteristics and questionnaire on driving adjustments. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in both the perceived decline and in compensatory adjustments, noting that drivers age 65 years and older scored higher means than others. The group from 70 to 80-years-old used compensatory strategies: "Do not drive if it rains" "avoid overtaking", "Do not drive at night," "only drive in certain areas" or "park in a line". CONCLUSIONS: Since age influences driving, the greater use compensatory strategies lessens the impact that aging has on this skill.

Los foros de internet para trastornos de ansiedad y depresión: un análisis comparativo del uso del lenguaje / Internet forums for anxiety and depression disorders: A comparative analysis of language use

Los foros de internet se han convertido en una alternativa de comunicación atractiva para muchas personas con problemas de salud como los trastornos psicológicos. El análisis de los mensajes intercambiados en estos foros proporciona información sobre el estilo de comunicación y el patrón de expresión emocional de sus usuarios. Este estudio exploratorio se dirige a comparar el uso del lenguaje en los mensajes intercambiados ente los participantes de dos foros proporciona información sobre el estilo de comunicación y el patrón de expresión emocional de sus usuarios. Este estudio exploratorio se dirige a comparar el uso del lenguaje en los mensajes intercambiados entre los participantes de dos foros de internet para problemas psicológicos: un foro dedicado a problemas de ansiedad y otro sobre depresión. Se analizaron 340 mensajes (170 procedentes de un grupo de ansiedad y 170 de un grupo de depresión) mediante el programa LIWC, basado en el recuento de palabras y clasificación según su pertenencia a distintas categorías (procesos afectivos, procesos sociales , funciones físicas, etc). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en el uso del lenguaje de los usuarios en función del foro (ansiedad o depresión ) (AU)

Internet forums have become an attractive communication alternative for many people with health problems such as psychological disorders. The analysis of exchanged messages in Internet forums provides information about users ´communication styles. In this exploratory study we analyze and compare language use in the exchanged messages between participants in two Internet forums on psychological problems: one for anxiety problems and another for depression. Three hundred and forty messages were analyzed (170 from the anxiety group and 170 forms the depression group) through LIWC program, which is based on word count and classification according to different categories (affective and social processes, physical functions, etc). Results showed significant differences in participants language use when comparing both forums (anxiety or depression) (AU)

Grupos de apoyo virtuales dedicados a problemas de salud: estudio de su tipología y análisis de su representatividad / Virtual Support Groups For Health Problems: Typology And Representativeness By Illness Group

La cantidad de foros de Internet dedicados a problemas de salud se ha incrementado en los últimos años. No obstante, el estudio sobre la naturaleza y tipología de estos foros en lengua española es escaso. Este estudio examina la disponibilidad en Internet de foros sobre problemas de salud en función del tipo de foro y de la enfermedad a la que se dirigen, así como averiguar si este patrón de representatividad en la red en función del problema de salud es reflejo del encontrado en los grupos de apoyo tradicionales. Se localizaron 913 foros de Internet y 249 grupos de apoyo cara a cara dedicados a 20 problemas de salud diferentes. El análisis de frecuencias mostró diferencias en el número de foros virtuales localizados en función del tipo de foro y del problema de salud. El número de foros libres fue superior al de los vinculados a asociaciones y a los moderados por profesionales de salud. La obesidad, el SIDA, la anorexia, la ansiedad y el cáncer parecen ser los problemas de salud que cuentan con más grupos de autoayuda en la red. La mayor representatividad de estos problemas de salud es similar a la encontrada en los grupos de autoayuda cara a cara (AU)

The number of internet discussion forums for health problems increased in recent years. However, the study about characteristics and typology of internet forums created for Spanish-speaking users is scarce. This study is aimed to examine the availability of health-related Internet forums by type of forum and by illness and to find out if a comparable pattern emerges when comparing with the availability of face-to-face support groups for these health problems. Nine hundred thirteen Internet forums and 249 face-to-face support groups for 20 health problems were located. Results showed differences in the number of Internet forums by type of forum and by health problem. We found more non moderated web-forums than moderated ones. Obesity, AIDS, anorexia, anxiety and cancer were the health problems with more Internet forums. The same pattern was found when comparing with the number of existing face-to-face support groups for these health problems (AU)