[Prognostic value of changes in the cornea and conjunctiva in diabetes mellitus]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie izmenenii kon''iunktivy i rogovitsy pri sakharnom diabete.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disease, and therefore a pressing medical and social problem. In many cases, ocular manifestations of DM are considered the particular cause of patients' disability. The review presents an analysis of morphological, experimental and clinical studies of the cornea in patients with diabetes mellitus - full articles, reviews and monographs of Russian and foreign authors, mostly those published in the recent years. Among the considered topics are modern methods of examining conjunctiva and cornea, clinical and morphological changes in these tissues, and the early diabetic changes in all their structural layers. The review also describes the importance of diabetes-related changes in the conjunctival vessels and corneal nerve fibers and shows the correlation between the densities of corneal nerve fibers and epidermal nerve fibers.

[Results of corneal crosslinking for pellucid marginal corneal degeneration]. / Rezul'taty lecheniia pelliutsidnoi marginal'noi degeneratsii rogovitsy metodom rogovichnogo krosslinkinga.

AIM: to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of crosslinking in patients with progressive pellucid marginal corneal degeneration (PMCD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 9 patients (16 eyes) with progressive PMCD were treated by standard crosslinking. The cornea was saturated with Dextralink solution and UV-A irradiated at 3 mW/cm2 for 30 minutes. The follow-up period was 12 months. RESULTS: One month after treatment, there was a slight decrease in uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity (UCVA and BCVA) - from 0.08±0.03 and 0.4±0.15 preoperatively down to 0.06±0.02 and 0.3±0.07, respectively, caused by pseudohaze of the cornea. Keratometric parameters (the average refractive power of the cornea, corneal astigmatism, and corneal thickness) did not change significantly. The demarcation line was identified in 56% of cases. By the 3-month follow-up, UCVA and BCVA improved up to 0.1±0.07 and 0.52±0.1, respectively. The refractive power of the cornea decreased by 2.0 diopters and corneal astigmatism - by 0.7 diopters reaching 46.8±2.7 and 5.1±1.3 diopters, respectively (p≤0.04). Central corneal thickness decreased by an average of 29 microns. The demarcation line remained visible in 25% of cases. At 6 months, BCVA averaged 0.58±0.13, at that, 56% of eyes gained 1 line and 31% - 2 lines. The refractive power of the cornea decreased down to 45.7±1.6 diopters, corneal astigmatism - down to 4.8±1.5 diopters. The demarcation line was not detected. At 1 year, there were no significant changes in the average values of optometric indices as compared to the 6-month period. Сonclusion. Pellucid marginal corneal degeneration should be regarded as a kind of primary ectasia, often bilateral and notable for its characteristic clinical picture and late onset. In progressive disease, photochemical crosslinking of the cornea contributes to the improvement of optometric parameters and stabilization of the process.

[Immunomodulatory role of perfluorane in the preoperative preparation of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment].

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of 10% perfluorane (PF) emulsion intravenously injected 1-2 days before surgical treatment for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment on the levels of the cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-4 in the serum and subretinal fluid of patients. PF infusion was found to exert an immunomodulatory effect that favored a short-term increase in the serum level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL- 1beta and IL-6) at week 1 and TNF-alpha on day 1) with their gradual normalization. The subretinal fluid showed recovery of the mechanisms for local immunological reactions; eye inflammation reduced due to the decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and simultaneously the elevated level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4.

[Diagnosis and treatment of children with acute inflammatory diseases of the orbit].

The role of computer tomography within the differential diagnosis of acute inflammatory lesions of orbit tissues as well as an appropriate tactics of treatment were evaluated. Computer tomography, "Somafom AR-T", 512 x 512 pix matrix, Siemens (Germany), was made in the axial and coronary projections to delineate the inflammatory zone. The findings of computer tomography denoted explicitly the spatial features of pathology within the orbit with anatomic structures. In periostitis and reactive edema in retrobulbar fat of the orbit, the treatment of patients was conservative made jointly with otolaryngologist. Orbitotomy with drainage or with lancing of affected sinuses was made in abscess and phlegmon of the orbit. There was a complete recovery in a majority of patients with acute diseases of the orbit; they preserved their functions of the organ of vision and of its appendages. Therefore, computer tomography is a valuable and highly effective examination tool within the differential diagnosis of acute inflammatory diseases of the orbit. The diagnosis and treatment of such diseases call for a board of doctors including ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist and oral surgeon.

[Experimental implantation of the "Ufalens" artificial lens in primary surgical treatment]. / Implantatsiia iskusstvennogo khrustalika "Ufalens-1" pri pervichnoi khirurgicheskoi obrabotke v éksperimente.

Described in the paper is the response of eye tissues in extraction of traumatic cataract with IOL implantation observed in primary surgical treatment of penetrating corneal wounds. Experiments were made on 60 rabbits (120 eyes). 5 mm-long penetrating corneal wounds located in the optic zone with damaged lens were modeled in the experimental group (30 rabbits, 60 eyes). The wound was surgically treated in 24 hours: traumatic cataract was extracted and posterior-chamber IOL was implanted ("Ufalens-1" manufactured at the UFA Research institute of eye diseases). Thirty rabbits (60 eyes) were in the control group: transparent lens was extracted in them and IOL (same model) was implanted. The animals were taken out of the experiment by air embolism on days 3 and 7 and in 1, 3 and 7 months. Tinting with hematoxylin or eosin was used to ensure plain histological examination. The stages of histological treatment of tissues were carried out according to the standard method. A conclusion was made on the basis of research results that the implantation of "Ufalens-1" in primary surgical treatment of eyeball wounds with damaged lens does not have any essential clinical or morphological impact on the severity of the postoperative period and can be recommended as a method of medical rehabilitation of victims for use at specialized ophthalmologic clinics.

[High performance liquid chromatography identification of chloracetophenone in ocular tissues in burns induced by gas balloons (an experimental study)]. / Identifikatsiia khloratsetofenona v tkaniakh glaza pri ozhogakh soderzhimym gazovykh ballonchikov metodom vysokoéffektivnoi zhidkostnoi khromatografii (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

The kinetics of chloracetophenone (CN) in rabbit eyes was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography on a model of experimental third-degree burn. By the end of the first hour after exposure to the lacrimate, CN content was high in all the studied tissues: 28.5 +/- 0.563 x 10(-1) mg/kg in the cornea, 5.08 +/- 0.193 x 10(-1) mg/kg in the anterior chamber humor, and 3.26 +/- 0.123 x 10(-1) mg/kg in the vitreous. After 6 h the content of the irritant dropped almost threefold and was 8.5 +/- 0.403 x 10(-1) mg/kg in the cornea, 1.23 +/- 0.062 x 10(-1) mg/kg in the anterior chamber humor, and 0.017 +/- 0.006 x 10(-1) mg/kg in the vitreous. By the end of 24 h these values were 6.6 +/- 0.221, 1.46 +/- 0.123, and 0.015 +/- 0.005 x 10(-1) mg/kg, respectively, and by day 14 only trace amounts of CN were detected. Hence, CN in the Cheremukha gas balloons can penetrate into the inner structures of the eye and cause severe injuries. Persistence of CN for up to 14 days disordered the metabolic processes and anatomy of the eye. High content of CN during the first 7 days after burn requires adequate pathogenetic therapy.

[A new transplant for iridoplasty]. / Novyi transplantat dlia iridoplastiki.

A new transplant is proposed for replacing extensive defects of the iris: cadaveric aortic wall. Experiments demonstrated that taking in of this graft courses as incomplete regeneration with partial taking in and replacement of the graft by cell elements of the iris with the formation of a cicatrice. Aortic wall transplant was used in the treatment of 4 patients.

[Iridoplasty with silica-dried iris]. / Primenenie silikovysushennoi raduzhnoi obolochki dlia iridoplastiki.

A new method for preserving cadaveric iris, based on the detection of residual humidity, is proposed: drying on silica gel. Silicadried iris was tried in 42 experimental rabbits and clinically used in 13 patients with good results.

[An experimental-clinical study of the effectiveness of kerakol in the treatment of corneal burns and mechanical injuries ]. / Eksperimental'no-klinicheskoe issledovanie éffektivnosti kerakola pri lechenii ozhogov i mekhanicheskikh travm rogovoi obolochki.

Kerakol efficacy in experimental burn and mechanical injuries was studied. The drug was shown to stimulate repair processes in the cornea, promoting an earlier differentiation of epithelial cells and their layers. Corneal stroma repair manifested by an earlier maturation of collagen structures with their correct orientation. Clinical trials showed kerakol efficacy in the treatment of corneal burns and injuries.