ABSTRACT
Ultrasonography is the initial examination of choice for evaluation of pediatric gynecologic disorders, with computed tomography and magnetic resonance used as secondary tests to verify an abnormality or to determine the extent of disease. The spectrum of gynecologic diseases in childhood and adolescence and their imaging characteristics are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Genital Diseases, Female/diagnostic imaging , Genitalia, Female/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Ovarian Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Ovary/diagnostic imaging , Puberty, Precocious/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Uterus/diagnostic imaging , Vagina/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Calcium oxalate calcifications can be difficult to detect with routine histologic procedures. In the reported case, microcalcifications that were evident with radiography of the specimen and of the paraffin blocks could not be detected with light microscopy. Polarized light microscopy, however, revealed the calcifications to be calcium oxalate crystals. Use of polarized light microscopy may resolve radiologic-pathologic discrepancies in such cases.
Subject(s)
Breast Diseases/pathology , Breast/pathology , Calcinosis/pathology , Calcium Oxalate/analysis , Adult , Biopsy , Breast Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Microscopy, Polarization , RadiographyABSTRACT
Ultrasonography is generally the initial diagnostic study of choice for evaluating suspected or known genital masses in young girls and adolescents. The authors reviewed the sonographic anatomy of the normal ovary and the sonographic spectrum in 88 pediatric patients with a variety of ovarian masses: simple and hemorrhagic cyst, teratoma, malignant tumor, tuboovarian abscess, torsion, and ectopic pregnancy. Among the various sonographic patterns observed, those of cystic ovarian masses and complex masses with mural nodules were the most specific, representing simple cysts and benign teratomas, respectively. Sonographic features of the remaining conditions were often similar, and diagnosis required correlation with clinical data and computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging findings.
Subject(s)
Ovarian Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Ovarian Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy , Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnostic imaging , Teratoma/ultrastructure , Torsion Abnormality , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
A total of 420 sonograms of renal transplants in 80 children were obtained because of decreased renal function or to establish a baseline after surgery. We describe normal anatomy of a renal transplant on sonograms, including duplex Doppler and color flow images, and a spectrum of complications. The complications are categorized as follows: parenchymal (drug toxicity rejection, acute tubular necrosis, infection), vascular (pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, renal artery stenosis and occlusion), obstructive uropathy, and postoperative fluid collections.
