ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with hypercoagulability. We sought to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of cerebral venous thrombosis among patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at 6 tertiary care centers in the New York City metropolitan area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of 13,500 consecutive patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized between March 1 and May 30, 2020. RESULTS: Of 13,500 patients with COVID-19, twelve had imaging-proved cerebral venous thrombosis with an incidence of 8.8 per 10,000 during 3 months, which is considerably higher than the reported incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis in the general population of 5 per million annually. There was a male preponderance (8 men, 4 women) and an average age of 49 years (95% CI, 36-62 years; range, 17-95 years). Only 1 patient (8%) had a history of thromboembolic disease. Neurologic symptoms secondary to cerebral venous thrombosis occurred within 24 hours of the onset of the respiratory and constitutional symptoms in 58% of cases, and 75% had venous infarction, hemorrhage, or both on brain imaging. Management consisted of anticoagulation, endovascular thrombectomy, and surgical hematoma evacuation. The mortality rate was 25%. CONCLUSIONS: Early evidence suggests a higher-than-expected frequency of cerebral venous thrombosis among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Cerebral venous thrombosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of neurologic syndromes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Intracranial Thrombosis/epidemiology , Thromboembolism/epidemiology , Adult , COVID-19/diagnosis , Causality , Cohort Studies , Comorbidity , Female , Humans , Intracranial Thrombosis/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , New York City/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Thrombectomy/adverse effects , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Venous Thrombosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The temporal distribution of seizures in women with localization-related epilepsy occurs periodically according to a model "clock" with the peak phase of occurrence corresponding to menstrual onset. The location and laterality of the epileptic lesion as well as patient age may affect periodicity. METHODS: Baseline data from seizure and menstrual diaries of approximately 3 months duration were obtained from 100 women enrolled in a trial of hormonal therapy for localization-related epilepsy. Durations of individual cycles were normalized to a common menstrual phase and period. Normalized data were then combined to create distributions evaluated by localization (lobar: temporal [TL], extratemporal [XL], multifocal [MF], unknown), lateralization (left, right, bilateral, unknown), and age. Distributions were evaluated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and curve-fitted by nonlinear least squares cosinor analysis. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients had TL (left = 25, right = 29, bilateral = 17), 10 XL, 14 MF, and 5 unknown seizure foci. XL and MF seizures occurred randomly across the 28-day cycle. TL seizures (left = 875, right = 706) occurred nonrandomly (ANOVA p = 0.0003) and cyclically with peak occurrence near onset of menses ([value +/- SD] peak = 1.6 +/- 2.3 days, period = 27.0 days). Left-side TL seizures peaked cyclically at onset of menses (ANOVA p = 0.04, peak = 0.0 +/- 3.0 days, period = 30 days); right-side TL seizures occurred randomly. Age did not have a cyclical effect. Women below the median age had a significantly higher seizure rate than those above the median age. CONCLUSION: Circalunar rhythms of seizures in women, and therefore, possibly strategies of hormonal treatments of catamenial epilepsy, vary with the neuroanatomic substrate of the seizure focus.
