ABSTRACT
Three cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy have occurred in one hospital in a 3-year period. The 3 patients had been receiving chemotherapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia, lymphocytic lymphoma and acute myeloid leukaemia respectively, and developed progressive neurological illnesses which resulted in their deaths. The routine neurological investigations were unhelpful and although the diagnosis was suspected in 2 cases, treatment was not given. It is felt that the disease is not as rare as originally believed and that brain biopsy should be more readily considered since progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is potentially treatable.
Subject(s)
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/pathology , Astrocytes/ultrastructure , Brain/pathology , Female , Humans , Inclusion Bodies, Viral/ultrastructure , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/ultrastructure , Oligodendroglia/ultrastructure , PrognosisABSTRACT
Increased vascular permeability and visceral oedema without significant hypertension or arterial damage was found in clip-nephrectomized rats dying in the first post-operative week. Increased vascular permeability was demonstrated by intravenous colloidal carbon labelling, and was restricted to capillaries and venules. Rats surviving the first week became hypertensive, and visceral oedema with predominantly venular and capillary labelling continued, although carbon was now present in arteries also, associated with smooth muscle necrosis. These results suggest that the pressor and permeability effects of renal artery constriction are independent.
Subject(s)
Edema/pathology , Hypertension, Renal/pathology , Animals , Capillary Permeability , Female , Hypertension, Renal/physiopathology , Mesentery/pathology , Nephrectomy , Pancreas/pathology , RatsABSTRACT
Constriction of the remaining renal artery in unilaterally nephrectomized rats is associated with a high mortality in the early post-operative phase before hypertension has developed. The high mortality is accompanied by increased vascular permeability, mesenteric and pancreatic oedema. Temporary post-operative water restriction reduces this mortality and also modifies subsequent blood pressure elevation, heart weight and cardiac index in surviving animals.
