ABSTRACT
Mycosis fungoides is a rare form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is formed of mature, skin homing, clonal, malignant T lymphocytes. It can sometimes present with skin ulcers that are difficult to heal because of the presence of large number T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. We present a case of nonhealing ulcers in a patient with mycosis fungoides, which was treated by narrow band ultraviolet B targeted phototherapy followed by split-thickness skin grafting. The graft uptake was well and the donor area also healed without any complications.
ABSTRACT
Aluminum nanoparticles (AlNPs) were embedded into a sol-gel synthesized In2O3 thin film by using a combination of thermal evaporation and glancing Angle Deposition technique. Presence of different sizes of aluminum nanoparticles was confirmed from field emission gun scanning electron microscopy. The high-resolution X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of Al2O3 NPs by surface oxidation of aluminum nanoparticles. Embedded Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor like device Al/In2O3/AlNPs/In2O3/p-Si was fabricated, and its memristor behavior was analyzed. The Al/In2O3/AlNPs/In2O3/p-Si device possessed high current conduction and analog resistive switching as compared to Al/In2O3/p-Si device. Significant and consistent memory window up to 150 current (I)-voltage (V) loop was obtained for Al/In2O3/AlNPs/In2O3/p-Si device between ±6 V applied bias. The Al/In2O3/AlNPs/In2O3/p-Si device measured high free carrier concentration, i.e., (Nd)~1.93 × 1020 cm-3 calculated from capacitance (C)-Voltage (V) measurement. The memory was retained in accumulation and depletion regions as obtained from the C-V looping curves.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease associated with alteration in levels of various cytokines. However, there are very few studies in this regard. OBJECTIVES: To assess the serum levels of cytokines secreted by Th1 (IL-2, TNF-α), Th2 (IL-6), and Th17 cells (IL-17, IL-22) in patients with localized vitiligo and generalized vitiligo and to correlate their levels with the extent, duration, and activity of disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty patients of vitiligo (30 each of localized and generalized) and 30 controls were recruited in the study. Serum IL-2, -6, -17, -22, and TNF-α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all patients and healthy controls, and their levels were correlated with the extent, duration, and activity of vitiligo. RESULTS: We observed significantly raised levels of IL-2, -6, -17, -22, and TNF-α in both localized vitiligo and generalized vitiligo (P < .05). IL-2 was significantly raised (P = .028) in localized vitiligo, whereas IL-17 and IL-22 were significantly raised in generalized vitiligo (P = .00 and P = .019, respectively). Activity of disease showed positive correlation with serum TNF-α levels (P = .015) in localized vitiligo. Positive correlation of IL-17 (R = .238) with body surface area (BSA) was observed in patients with generalized vitiligo. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that cytokines secreted by Th17 cells play an important role in maintenance and spread of vitiligo as they increase in line with extent of disease. Also TNF-α increases in proportion with activity of disease, hence may act as biomarker for identifying patient with aggressive disease.
