ABSTRACT
The personality of N. A. Semashko presents incontestable interest as health care official and ideologist of the Soviet health care system who contributed significantly into development of health care. Great number of studies are devoted to analysis of activities of N. A. Semashko in the Soviet period holding position of the First People's Commissar of health care of the RSFSR, initiator and head of the chair of Social hygiene of the Medical Faculty of the First Moscow State University. The studies related to pre-revolutionary period of life of N. A. Semashko are presented in less degree. The article describes, on the basis of publications and archive sources (documents from the Central State Archive of the Samara Oblast, the foundations of the Russian State Library and also the family archive of E. G. Farobina, grand-daughter of N. A. Semashko) the period of life and and activity of N. A. Semashko in the Samara Gubernia after graduating the medical faculty of the Imperial Kazan University. In 1901-1902, after short training in bacteriological laboratory of the Samara Gubernia Zemstvo Hospital and appointment to the post of sanitary and epidemiological doctor of the Zemstvo, N. A. Semashko was directly involved in elimination of epidemics of diphtheria in Orlov Guy village and of anthrax in Alexandria village of the Novouzensky Uezd. The dangerous epidemics were eliminated owing to outstanding medical knowledge, courage and organizational skills of young doctor.
Subject(s)
Epidemics , Health Facilities , Humans , Delivery of Health Care , History, 20th Century , Moscow , RussiaABSTRACT
The article presents the results of investigation of features of dynamics of main demographic indices characterizing epidemic condition with tuberculosis in Samara during last decade. The gender age, social and clinical structures of patients spotted for the first time.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Humans , Russia/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Sociological survey of medical personnel in medical preventive institutions of suburban area provided data to analyze opinions of 440 respondents on functioning and prospective evolution of local health care institutions. Most of medical personnel consider dynamics of changes occurring in local health care as stable and positive. Yet, significant portion of respondents consider trends in local health care development pessimistically. Higher is social and professional status of respondent better is one's assessment of dynamics of changes in local health care and more drastic modes of its reformation are proposed and more widespread implementation of paid medical services principles are supported.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care Facilities/trends , Ambulatory Care/organization & administration , Rural Health Services/trends , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , RussiaABSTRACT
Aspects of availability of medical care and the specificity of its organization were studied with respect to territorial differences. The below specific features are typical of the medical care in those rural settlements, which are closer to a rural center: higher rate and number of in-hospital stays; a bigger share of medical care, including in-hospital stay, at the regional and city levels; as well as lower absolute and higher relative costs of people for medical care. In view of the above features, it is necessary to optimize the rural structure of medical care through advancing the cooperation between territories and through shaping rational flows of patients within medical corporative centers.
Subject(s)
Rural Health Services/organization & administration , Adult , Aged , Female , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , RussiaABSTRACT
Presents data on the non-hospital forms of medicosocial care of elderly and senile subjects in the Russian Federation, which proved to be the most effective as regards the economy and staff under conditions of the population aging.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care/organization & administration , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administration , Aged , Ambulatory Care Facilities/organization & administration , Day Care, Medical/organization & administration , Family Practice/organization & administration , Humans , Middle Aged , Russia , Social Work/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Hospital forms of medicosocial care of elderly and senile subjects in Russia are reviewed on the basis of published reports and authors' data. Together with outpatient forms, hospital forms of care of the elderly have been widely used of late and are functioning within the framework of public health and social protection systems. Integration of medical and social services in the sphere of health protection of the elderly is emphasized.
