ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Bariatric surgery is a widely used procedure for the treatment of obesity. Our aim is to describe the main immunological changes in patients who undergo bariatric surgery. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted within a cohort of patients undergoing bariatric surgery and without previous evidence of systemic or organ-specific autoimmune diseases in whom 3 blood samples were collected - one day before surgery (Time 0), and 5 (Time 1) and 10 months (Time 2) after surgery. RESULTS: Thirty four obese patients underwent surgery (Time 0):30(88.24%) were women, mean age 38.3 years. When comparing Time 0 and Time 2, there were statistically significant changes in CD4+T cell count, with an increase from 1074/mL(IQR:860-1316) to 1217.5/mL(IQR:838-1510),pâ¯=â¯0.0002. The CD4/CD8 ratio increased from 2.2(IQR: 1.7-2.7) to 2.4(1.8-2.8), pâ¯=â¯0.0001. As for humoral variables, the C3 fraction of complement decreased from 164⯱â¯40.6â¯mg/dL to 112.4⯱â¯31.4â¯mg/dL(pâ¯<â¯0.001) and C4 decreased from 29.3⯱â¯10.1â¯mg/dL to 22.5⯱â¯7.1(pâ¯=â¯0.0009) at Time 2. Four patients with negative ANAs at baseline, showed positive ANAs at Time 2.One patient developed anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies >200 IU/mL at Time 2. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing bariatric surgery show immunological changes which might eventually lead to develop an autoimmune disease.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, inflammation, and microcirculatory alterations. Objective: To evaluate abnormalities in the sublingual microcirculation of SSc patients and to establish any differences compared to healthy controls. Methods: The sublingual microcirculation was determined using a Sidestream dark-field (SDF) imaging device (MicroScan; MicroVision Medical, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) in patients with SSc and controls. Results: Twelve patients with SSc (75% with diffuse cutaneous SSc) were evaluated (mean age: 52.08 ± 2.08 years). A group of 20 volunteers was used as the control. Significantly lower total capillary density (TCD) (9.2 [8.5-9.7] vs. 10.9 [9.8-12.5]) and functional capillary density (FCD) (7.0 [6.8-7.5] vs. 8.6 [7.5-9.8]) were observed in SSc patients than in healthy controls. Conclusions: SSc is related to significantly lower capillary density in the sublingual microcirculation, and the SDF imaging technique could be an alternative to nailfold video-capillaroscopy for diagnosing and following-up patients with SSc.
RESUMEN Introducción: La esclerosis sistémica (SSc) es una enfermedad autoimmune sistémica caracterizada por fibrosis, inflamación y alteraciones en la microcirculación. Objetivo: Evaluar anormalidades en la microcirculación sublingual de pacientes con diagnóstico de esclerosis sistémica y establecer diferencias en comparación con controles sanos. Métodos: Exploramos la microcirculación sublingual utilizando un dispositivo de imágenes de campo oscuro Sidestream (SDF) (Micro Scan, MicroVision Medical, Amsterdam, Holanda) en pacientes con SSc y controles. Resultados: Se evaluaron 12 pacientes con SSc estable (75% con cutánea difusa) (edad media: 52.08 ± 2.08). Un grupo de 20 voluntarios se utilizó como control. Se observó una disminución significativa en la densidad vascular total (TCD) (9.2 [8.5-9.7] vs. 10.9 [9.8-12.5]) y densidad capilar funcional (FCD) (7.0 [6.8-7.5] vs. 8.6 [7.5-9.8]) observado en pacientes con esclerosis sistémica en comparación con controles sanos. Conclusiones: La SSc se relaciona con la disminución significativa de la densidad capilar en la microcirculación sublingual, esta técnica podría ser una alternativa en pacientes críticos con esclerosis sistémica o utilizarse para seguimiento durante la hospitalización.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Scleroderma, Systemic , Inflammation , Microcirculation , Fibrosis , Microscopic AngioscopyABSTRACT
RESUMEN La enfermedad relacionada con IgG4 es una condición inflamatoria sistémica, caracterizada por la infiltración de diversos órganos por complejos formados por células plasmáticas IgG4 positivas, asociadas con niveles elevados de IgG4 en el suero. El diagnóstico de esta enfermedad es complejo y los hallazgos clínicos no son patognomónicos. En esta serie de casos, describimos un amplio espectro clínico en 4 pacientes, en quienes, después de descartar otros diagnósticos, se confirmó la enfermedad relacionada con IgG4. A pesar de que esta enfermedad no es común, se debe considerar entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de enfermedades con afectación de múltiples órganos. Este reporte de pacientes con enfermedad relacionada con IgG4, en Colombia, resalta un amplio espectro de presentaciones clínicas, incluyendo estenosis subglótica, pancreatitis autoinmune, fibrosis retroperitoneal y compromiso sistémico.
ABSTRACT IgG4-related disease is an inflammatory systemic condition noted by the infiltration of different organs by IgG4-bearing plasma cells, as well as elevated serum IgG4 levels. Diagnosis of this condition is complex, and clinical findings are not particularly indicative. In this case series, a description is presented on 4 patients with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, in whom, after ruling out different options, a diagnosis of IgG4 related disease was confirmed. Despite this disease not being common, it should be considered among the options whenever multiple organs are affected. This report of patients with IgG4-related disease in Colombia highlights a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, including subglottic stenosis, autoimmune pancreatitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and systemic compromise.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Immunoglobulin G , Retroperitoneal Fibrosis , Diagnosis , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease , Autoimmune Pancreatitis , Mikulicz' DiseaseSubject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes , Interleukin-1beta/antagonists & inhibitors , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics , Still's Disease, Adult-Onset , Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Autoimmunity/immunology , Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes/complications , Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes/diagnosis , Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes/drug therapy , Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes/genetics , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage , Inflammation/immunology , Male , Mutation , Still's Disease, Adult-Onset/blood , Still's Disease, Adult-Onset/diagnosis , Still's Disease, Adult-Onset/drug therapy , Still's Disease, Adult-Onset/physiopathology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: El belimumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal tipo IgG1 que se une e inhibe la forma soluble de Blys (estimulador de linfocitos B) y ha mostrado efectividad en el manejo del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). Sin embargo, se desconoce su efectividad en una población tan variable étnicamente como la colombiana. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo observacional entre febrero de 2015 y febrero de 2016, en pacientes con LES, con enfermedad activa a pesar del tratamiento estándar, quienes fueron tratados con belimumab. Resultados: El uso de belimumab se relacionó con una mejoría significativa en los compromisos articular, cutáneo y hematológico, con aumento de los niveles de complemento, disminución de las exacerbaciones por LES y de las hospitalizaciones, además de una menor actividad calculada por SLEDAI después de 3 meses de utilización y con una estabilidad mantenida hasta los 9 meses. Conclusiones: Se observó que el belimumab es útil en pacientes colombianos con LES que son refractarios a la terapia estándar, especialmente en manifestaciones articulares, hematológicas y cutáneas, en un entorno de pacientes de la vida real.
Abstract Introduction: Belimumab, a monoclonal type Ig G1 antibody that binds and inhibits the Belimumab soluble form of the Blys (B lymphocyte stimulator) has shown to be effective in the manamanagement of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, its effectiveness is unknown in an ethnically variable population, such as in Colombia. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted between February 2015 and February 2016 on patients with active SLE disease despite being on standard treatment and who were treated with Belimumab. Results: Belimumab showed a significant improvement in joint, cutaneous and haematological involvement, with an increase in complement levels, a decrease in lupus crises and hospital admissions. After 3 months there was lower activity, calculated by SLEDAI, with stability for 9 months. Conclusions: In a real-life patient setting, it was observed that belimumab was useful in Colombian patients with SLE and refractory to standard therapy, especially in the joint, haematological, and cutaneous manifestations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Immunoglobulin G , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Therapeutics , Colombia , B-Cell Activating FactorSubject(s)
Arteriovenous Fistula , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Cavernous Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Scleritis/diagnosis , Arteriovenous Fistula/complications , Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnosis , Arteriovenous Fistula/physiopathology , Arteriovenous Fistula/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Arthritis, Gouty/diagnostic imaging , Arthritis, Gouty/drug therapy , Joint Deformities, Acquired/etiology , Allopurinol/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Gouty/complications , Colchicine/therapeutic use , Disease Progression , Hand , Humans , Joint Deformities, Acquired/diagnostic imaging , Joint Deformities, Acquired/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Severity of Illness Index , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease involving multiple systems. Patients with SLE are highly susceptible to infections due to the combined effects of their immunosuppressive therapy and the abnormalities of the immune system that the disease itself causes, which can increase mortality in these patients. The differentiation of SLE activity and infection in a febrile patient with SLE is extremely difficult. Activity indexes are useful to identify patients with lupus flares but some clinical and biological abnormalities may, however, make it difficult to differentiate flares from infection. Several biological markers are now recognized as potential tools to establish the difference between SLE activity and infection, including CRP and procalcitonin. It is possible, however, that the use of only one biomarker is not sufficient to confirm or discard infection. This means that new scores, which include different biomarkers, might represent a better solution for differentiating these two clinical pictures. This review article describes several markers that are currently used, or have the potential, to differentiate infection from SLE flares.
Subject(s)
Infections/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase/metabolism , Biomarkers/metabolism , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Calcitonin/metabolism , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Progression , HMGB1 Protein/metabolism , Humans , Infections/metabolism , Leukocyte Count , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology , Mannose-Binding Lectin/metabolism , Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism , Neutrophils , Receptors, IgG/metabolism , Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism , Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 , Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/metabolismABSTRACT
El complejo BAFF (factor activador de células B) compuesto por la citocina BAFF, APRIL y sus receptores -BAFF-R (BR3), TACI y BCMA- influyen en la sobrevida periférica, en la maduración de los linfocitos B y en el cambio de clase de las inmunoglobulinas, con múltiples implicaciones clínicas potenciales. Las funciones biológicas de BAFF y su relevancia en varios desórdenes clínicos -autoinmunes, neoplásicos, infecciosos, incluyendo las terapias BAFF dirigidas- son revisadas y discutidas en el presente artículo. Los niveles séricos de BAFF/APRIL se encuentran incrementados en las enfermedades autoinmunes en las que sus concentraciones se relacionan con los títulos de anticuerpos, actividad, progresión de la enfermedad e incluso compromiso orgánico, haciendo de su inhibición un blanco terapéutico atractivo
The BAFF complex (B cell activator factor) composed by the BAFF cytokine, APRIL and their receptors -BAFF-R (BR3), TACI, BCMA- influences B-lymphocyte maturation, peripheral survival and immunoglobulins class isotype switching, with multiple potential clinical implications. In this review we discuss BAFF biologic functions and it relevance in several clinical disorders -autoimmune, neoplastic, infectious and BAFF therapies-. BAFF/APRIL
Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases , B-Cell Activating FactorABSTRACT
Bariatric procedures are an effective option for weight loss and control of comorbidities in obese patients. Obesity is a proinflammatory condition in which some cytokines such as leptin, a proinflammatory protein, is elevated and adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory protein, is decreased. In patients undergoing weight reduction surgeries, these hormone levels behave paradoxically. It is not known whether bariatric surgery protects against development of autoinflammatory or autoimmune conditions; nevertheless, changes occurring in the immune system are incompletely understood. In this case series, we describe 4 patients undergoing bariatric surgery, who subsequently developed systemic autoimmune diseases. Patients in our case series were asymptomatic before surgery and developed an autoimmune disease within 11.2 months. Two women fulfilled criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (one associated with antiphospholipid syndrome), and 2 men developed rheumatoid arthritis. A causal relationship is difficult to establish because factors that could trigger these diseases are multiple, including genetic susceptibility, time elapsed until achievement of ideal weight, and vitamin deficiencies, among others. However, clinicians must be attentive to this possible association.
