ABSTRACT
The survey of most common orthodontic anomalies is given in this article. Authors, utilizing literature data, their own research as well as their therapeutic experience, try to elucidate the role of genetics in determination of dental anomalies and malocclusion. They emphasise the fact that genetically determined orthodontic anomalies are not easy to treat. Retention of treatment result could also be a problem. Occurrence of an anomaly in one member of the family should lead to the examination of other members, especially the young ones.
Subject(s)
Malocclusion/genetics , Humans , Stomatognathic Diseases/geneticsABSTRACT
Twin studies are an important instrument to estimate the influence of genetics and environment on the origin of complex traits. The survey of the most important studies concerning oral facial region published from the half of the last century until recent days is given.
Subject(s)
Environment , Maxillofacial Abnormalities/genetics , Oral Medicine , Phenotype , Twin Studies as Topic , HumansABSTRACT
BACKGROUND. The aim of the study was to compare craniofacial and dental characteristics of contemporary and historical populations and elucidate some etiological aspects of malocclusion. METHODS AND RESULTS. Con-temporary cohort of 703 university students and three historical samples (73 skulls from 9th century, 344 skulls from the 10th to 14th century and 210 skulls from the 14th to 18th century were examined. Measurements of craniometric and anthropometric points were done. The width of jaws was examined in Pont's points. Björk´s method for epidemiological registration of malocclusion was used; teleroentgenograms were examined as well. Broader dental arches regardless of the type of skull and significantly lower frequency of serious malocclusions were proven in historical population. CONCLUSION. The extreme increase of serious malocclusions in the contemporary population is more probably caused by civilisation factors than secular trend in formation of skull. .
