ABSTRACT
We present a new explicit class of black holes in general quadratic gravity with a cosmological constant. These spherically symmetric Schwarzschild-Bach-(anti-)de Sitter geometries, derived under the assumption of constant scalar curvature, form a three-parameter family determined by the black-hole horizon position, the value of the Bach invariant on the horizon, and the cosmological constant. Using a conformal to Kundt metric ansatz, the fourth-order field equations simplify to a compact autonomous system. Its solutions are found as power series, enabling us to directly set the Bach parameter and/or cosmological constant equal to zero. To interpret these spacetimes, we analyze the metric functions. In particular, we demonstrate that for a certain range of positive cosmological constant there are both black-hole and cosmological horizons, with a static region between them. The tidal effects on free test particles and basic thermodynamic quantities are also determined.
ABSTRACT
The pathomorphological changes in the lungs of hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) provoked by the parasite P. commutatus (Diesing, 1851) are macroscopically manifested as layer and nodular changes. With regard to the fact that the layer changes are suggesting the hatching nodules of protostronglyoses of small domestic ruminants, we have decided to rate them separately because of the differentiation. The layer changes on the surface of hare's lungs become evident as areas of emphysema, inflammation and induration. The emphysematous changes are macroscopically evident in the form of lobular formation (Fig. 1). Histologically, it was found out that the emphysematous effect was limited by an area of compressed lungs structures without perspicuous signs of the development of atelectatic changes (Fig. 2). The emphysematous changes are causing prominent exudative inflammatory processes in the bronchi and bronchioli provoked by unfertilized and disintegrating eggs of parasites. Inflammatory layers are macroscopically evident as solid brown-reddish areas (Fig. 3). Their macroscopic manifestation is transient. It is qualified by the stages of the inflammation itself. It is possible to put down the stage of manifestative development of the changes in the inflammatory areas only by continual examinations of hare's lungs all year round. Unfertilized eggs and grounded, disintegrating larvae of protostrongylus are provoking the inflammatory reactions which may lead in the layer changes to the obliteration of bronchioli (Fig. 6), which is macroscopically evident as induration (Fig. 7). The bronchioli are obliterated so that the phagocytic ability of monocytes is transformed to a reparative ability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subject(s)
Lagomorpha/parasitology , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary , Lung/pathology , Nematode Infections/veterinary , Animals , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Nematode Infections/pathologyABSTRACT
The specification of pathomorphological changes occurring during Varestrongylus capreoli ontogenesis was studied on the basis of different forms of inflammation. The character, course and extent of inflammatory reactions were contingent on the maturity, localization and number of worms. The allergic inflammation accompanying the development of juvenile specimens inside the alveoli was followed by the regeneration of lung tissues providing suitable conditions for further development of the parasite. A prolonged edema occurring during the differentiation of juvenile parasites localized in the bronchioles caused a disposition of the roughen bronchial wall to its miliary necrotic disintegration producing a negative effect on further development of the helminth. The pathomorphological effect of mature productive parasites was characterized by focal changes hatching nodes. Activated epithelial cells of alveoli, phagocytizing disintegrating eggs and not developing 1st-stage larvae together with eosinophilic granulocytes participated in the restoration of the host lung functional ability while tolerating the presence of the parasite. A difficult excretion of sex products from the lungs stimulated the development of proliferative forms of inflammation reducing the number of Varestrongylus specimens.
