[Peculiarities of the structural-functional organization of motor neuropil of dragonfly thoracic ganglia].

The work considers the structural-functional relations existing in the motor neuropil of thoracic ganglia of dragonflies - the animals able to perform very complex and fast maneuvers in the flight. The motor neuropil in dragonflies is shown to be more differentiated than in the lees mobile insects, while motor nuclei in neuropil are more clearly outlined and closer to each other. There are revealed dendrites of motoneurons of pedal muscles (the middle nucleus), which are running into the anterior and posterior nuclei that contain dendrites of motoneurons of wing muscles. A possible role of such approaching is discussed for close functional interaction of wing and foot muscles, which is necessary to dragonflies during flight at their catching of large insects with aid of legs. Peculiarities are considered in structural organization of motoneurons of wing muscles dragonflies and locusts, which indicate the greater functional possibilities peculiar to motoneurons of the dragonflies motor apparatus.

[Functional role of dragonfly legs before and after hatching: reorganization of coordinating interactions].

The characteristics of a structure-functional organization of leg apparatus were examined in the dragonfly Aeshna grandis: larvae of the final stadium, which legs perform a locomotion function and adults (imago) rising on a wing, which legs lose a locomotion function and are used mainly for catching a prey in the air. It has been demonstrated that legs of the imago practically do not differ from those of the larva either in shape or in proportion of segments of the leg and all changes in the functional role of legs of the imago are implemented due to modifications of mechanisms of limb muscle control and an appropriate reorganization or coordinating interactions. As it is proved by the obtained data, this reorganization concerns mechanisms of the generation of motor commands as well as close coordination of the activity of wing and leg apparatus and some others. The abovementioned mechanisms are discussed.

[History of some model].

This paper refers us to the mid-1960s, when mechanisms of the animal rhythmic activity were vividly discussed and the concept of "generator of rhythm" was formulated. Since at than time the device of the generator of rhythm was understood very poorly, V. Menshutkin, V. Svidersky, and A. Umnov, by the example of an insect (locust), attempted to develop the first mathematical model generating rhythm of the flight. Why the interest in such model arose, how it was created, and what the result of it was has been described in this paper.

[Design of experimental approaches on the base of standard proteins for testing blood biopreparations and immunoperoxidase conjugates specific to human and animal immunoglobulines G].

Using standard forms of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and albumin, we have studied electrophoretic and chromatographic profiles of samples of pharmaceutical blood biopreparation batches. The usability of standard proteins was also demonstrated by testing analytical characteristics of immunoperoxidase conjugates specific to human and animal IgG (anti-IgG IPC). In particular, we suggest an additional estimation of analytical characteristics of anti-IgG IPC by the enzyme reaction kinetics with the standard dilution which is calculated by the direct enzyme-liked immunoassay on the homologous IgG-antigen.

[Effect of static load on motor behavior of the cockroach Periplaneta americana].

Effect of static load on activity of motor centers controlling motor activity (walking flight) was studied in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana L. It has been established that under effect of load on the animal body the relative excitability of these centers increases. A suggestion is put forward about the presence of common neuronal elements in the generator networks providing motor acts in the American cockroach; a role of afferent systems in control of excitability of locomotor centers functioning in the regime of static load is shown.

[Structural-functional peculiarities of wing appatatus of insects that have and do not have maneuver flight].

The work considers character of behavior in flight and discusses peculiarities of the structural-functional organization of the wing apparatus of two representative of insects: the Asiatic locust Locusta migratoria (a low-maneuver insect) and the dragonfly Aeschna sp. (an insect able to perform complex maneuvers in the air). The main principles underlying work of the wing apparatus of these insects are considered and mechanisms allowing the dragonflies to perform complex maneuvers in the flight are analyzed in detail.

[Motor activity of infusoria: fundamental and applied aspects].

The article considers morpho-functional organization of the cilia, locomotor organelle of the infusoria, and demonstrates the complicity of locomotor behavior of these protista. The problem of control of locomotion of infusoria is whole organism in discussed; and conclusion is drawn that system of control of movements could be multilevel and include receptor, afferent, central, efferent and effector units. In this context the macronucleus, could act as a central integrator and coordinator of the locomotor behavior being closely connected with periphery by dynamic elements of cytoskeleton. The eradication of infusoria parasitizing in humans and animals by interrupting of locomotion of the protista is also discussed.