[Cytokinin inducing and antiviral activity of cycloferon on experimental herpetic infection]. / Tsitokinindutsiruiushchaia i protivovirusnaia aktivnost' tsikloferona pri éksperimenta'noi gerpeticheskoi infektsii.

Experimental data on the protective activity and the capacity for inducing the biosynthesis of some cytokins, the low molecular inductors of cycloferon, endogenic interferon of the acridanon group, in herpetic infection are presented. The herpes infection was modelled by intraperitoneal injection of herpes simplex virus, type 1 into BALB/c mice. In the animals with normal immune status cycloferon induced the formation of serum interferon (INF) in high titers (up to 1:20,000) with the peak achieved 4-8 hours after the injection of the preparation. In addition, cycloferon stimulated the synthesis of IL-2 and gamma INF, but decreased the concentration of IL-1b. Following immunosuppression caused by gamma-radiation or cyclophosphamide the titers of serum interferon decreased 4-8 times. In generalized herpes infection in non-inbred white mice with undamaged immune status cycloferon increased survival rate by 30-100% in comparison with the controls (untreated mice), while in case of immunosuppression the protective effect of this preparation was considerably lower. In infected mice the concentrations of gamma INF, IL-2, IL-1b were found to be elevated in comparison with their concentrations in healthy animals. In the course of the infectious process cycloferon suppressed the production of IL-2 and IL-1b, but did not influence the synthesis of gamma INF.

[The effect of salmonella infection on the functional activity of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes]. / Vliianie sal'monelleznoi infektsii na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' polimorfnoiadernykh leikotsitov.

Experiments on noninbred white mice have revealed that in the animals infected with S. moscow secondary immunodeficiency develops, which is manifested by a significant decrease in the activity of the bactericidal system of peripheral blood granular leukocytes. Simultaneously, the content of myeloperoxidase in the blood neutrophils of infected mice decreases 1.4 times and the content of lysozyme in these neutrophils decreases 2 times. Such changes are the consequence of an increase in the secretory activity of cells, occurring in the process of the development of Salmonella infection.

[Prolongation of the effect of immunostimulators as means of increasing resistance to causative agents of infection]. / O prolongirovanii éffekta immunostimuliatorov kak sredstv povysheniia ustoichivosti organizma k vozbuditeliam infektsii.

Possible prolongation of the biological effect of some available immunostimulators such as prodigiozan, salmozan, polyribonate and thymalin by their sorption on aluminium hydrate was studied. It was shown that in comparison to the native immunostimulators the sorbed ones had a more pronounced biological action and provided a more prolonged increase in the host resistance to the causative agents of gas gangrene and typhoid fever. Using prodigiozan as an example it was demonstrated that the observed increase in the anti-infective activity of the sorbed drugs was associated with more intensive stimulation of some immunological factors involved in regulation of host nonspecific resistance. The results of the study are likely to indicate that it was experiment to further investigate the drugs to reveal their efficacy in other infection models and to optimize the schemes of their use.

[The effect of immunostimulants on the resistance of white mice to the causative agent of typhoid fever]. / Izuchenie vliianiia immunostimuliatorov na ustoichivost' belykh myshei k vobuditeliu briushnogo tifa.

The influence of prodigiosan, salmosan, polyribonate and levamisole on the body nonspecific and specific resistance to S. typhi strain 4446 has been studied. Prodigiosan and salmosan have proved to be the most effective. The injection of these compounds simultaneously with typhoid vaccine (both chemical adsorbed vaccine and alcohol-treated vaccine, enriched with Vi-antigen) significantly increases the survival rate of immunized animals (by 35-45%), elevates the resistance index (1.5- to 2.3-fold) and the effectiveness index of the vaccine (17- to 32-fold) in comparison with the controls. Besides, prodigiosan and salmosan alone are capable of increasing nonspecific resistance to S. typhi strain 4446, which is manifested by an increase of the survival rate of stimulated animals by 61.87%. Proceeding from the results thus obtained, the possibility of good prospects for prodigiosan and salmosan in the prophylaxis of typhoid fever in humans may be inferred.

[Information value of the indices of the nonspecific resistance of the body]. / Ob informativnosti nekotorykh pokazatelei nespetsificheskoi rezistentnosti organizma.

A number of nonspecific resistance characteristics in mice, such as the total number of peritoneal exudate cells, the percentage and absolute number of macrophages, their cytochemical activity in the spontaneous tetrazolium test and cytochemical capacity, have been studied by comparison with the resistance of the animals to tularemia infection induced by Francisella tularensis, Gaiskii's vaccinal strain 15. Of these characteristics, the cytochemical capacity of peritoneal exudate macrophages, i.e. the total cytochemical activity of macrophages contained in a unit of volume, has been the most informative as regards the level of nonspecific resistance to this infection. Other characteristics under study cannot serve as criteria for the evaluation of the nonspecific resistance of the body to F. tularensis.

[Leukocyte migration inhibition reaction--an index of the antibacterial effectiveness of stimulants of the body's nonspecific resistance]. / Reaktsiia tormozheniia migratsii leikotsitov--pokazatel' antibakterial'noi éffektivnosti stimuliatorov nespetsificheskoi rezistentnosti organizma.

The presence of correlation between the protective action of prodigiosane and yeast RNA and the character of reaction in the direct capillary variant of the leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test, made with the blood of mice immunized with tularemia vaccine, has been revealed. The possibility and expediency of using the LMI test for evaluating the effectiveness of the stimulators of the nonspecific anti-infective resistance of the body has been shown.

[Effect of immunomodulators on resistance to gas gangrene. The enhanced resistance of white mice to perfringens toxin type A as affected by prodigiozan]. / Izuchenie vliianiia immunomoduliatorov na ustoichivost' organizma k agzovoi gangrene. Povyshenie ustoichivosti belykh myshei k toksinu perfringens tipa A pod vliianiem prodigiozana.

Experiments on 575 noninbred white mice have revealed that the nonspecific resistance of the animals to type A C. perfringens toxin can be enhanced by the administration of Prodigiosan, a commercial immunostimulating agent. Prodigiosan, introduced in 3-4 injections (the last one made 24 hours before intoxication) has been found to enhance the resistance of the animals to the subcutaneous injection of type A C. perfringens toxin by 40-60% and to its intraperitoneal injection by 60-97%.

[Comparative evaluation of the effect of immunostimulants on the dehydrogenase activity of the mouse thymus]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka vliianiia immunostimuliatorov na aktivnost' nekotorykh degidrogenaz timusa myshei.

Comparative biochemical estimation of the influence of yeast RNA, prodigiosan and levamisole on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase in the thymus of mice was carried out. It was shown that the immunostimulants induced different qualitative and quantitative changes in the activity of the enzymes. Administration of yeast RNA resulted in activation of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Prodigiosan increased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase but not that of malate dehydrogenase. The action of levamisole was characterized by long-term activation of glutamate dehydrogenase. The possible mechanisms of the influence of these drugs on the metabolic activity of the thymus are discussed.

[Evaluation of the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages using the tetrazolium test]. / Otsenka funktsional'noi aktivnosti peritoneal'nykh makrofagov s pomoshch'iu tetrazolievogo testa.

The redox activity of peritoneal macrophages has been evaluated in the modified NBT test using tetranitro blue tetrazolium. This method permits the calculation of the total amount of peritoneal macrophages and the determination of their glass adherence per cent and their cytochemical activity value. The advantages of this method over the study of the phagocytic activity by means of phage T2 is shown.