[Unstable chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident consequences]. / Nestabil'nye khromosomnye aberratsii v limfotsitakh uchastnikov likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

AIM: Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes for detecting unstable chromosome aberrations in liquidators of the Chernobyl disaster consequences and in residents of territories contaminated after the accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested for unstable chromosome aberrations in 216 subjects who worked for different periods after the Chernobyl accident in 1986-1987 in the 30-km zone and at adjacent territories. The results were correlated to the duration of stay in the zone, terms of examination after the work, exposure dose fixed in the files, deviations in the health status and blood values, and with similar data on 21 residents of the stringent control regions of the Gomel district and 265 patients with different hematological diseases and donor blood samples exposed in vitro. RESULTS: Chromosome aberrations detected in the examined group are represented by dicentrics, paired and nonpaired fragments, acentric rings, and gaps. CONCLUSION: Although not everything is yet clear, we consider that detection of unstable chromosome aberrations of the dicentric type in lymphocytes of subjects who participated in liquidation of the accident consequences in remote periods after exposure persuasively proves that a radiation exposure, no matter what its dose was, took place, and hence, there are good grounds for including the subjects with aberrations in the high risk group. On the other hand, the absence of such aberrations does not rule out the detrimental effect of radiation on the organism.

[Regenerating hematopoietic tissue as a source for a low molecular weight factor that inhibits leukemic cell proliferation]. / Regeneriruiushchaia krovetvornaia tkan' kak istochnik polucheniia nizkomolekuliarnogo faktora, ingibiruiushchego proliferatsiiu leikoznykh kletok.

Using a successive set of chromatographic methods, a low molecular weight factor inhibiting leukemic cells proliferation has been isolated from an aqueous extract of regenerating hematopoietic tissue. This factor inhibits DNA synthesis in leukemic cells about 1000-fold more effectively than the original extract. The factor activity does not change after treatment by proteinase K; however, successive action of endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactose aminidase and proteinase K significantly decreases the efficiency of the factor action. This factor whose molecular mass is less than 3 kDa seems to be of glycopeptide origin.

[The radioprotective action of an extract of regenerating spleen]. / Protivoluchevoe deistvie ékstrakta regeneriruiushchei selezenki.

An extract from regenerating calf spleen increases the survival rate of mice when injected after irradiation. The studies of the blood and immune systems characteristics at the subcellular, cellular and tissue levels have been shown that the preparation containing a complex of hemoregulating compounds modifies the processes responsible for radiation damage and repair.

[Strength of nucleic acid-protein interactions and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in the cell]. / Prochnost' nukleinovo-belkovykh vzaimodeistvii i sintez nukleinovykh kislot i belka v kletke.

Nucleoprotein-celite chromatography of cultivated cells nuclei, where incorporation of 3H-thymidine, 3H-UTP and 14C-aminohydrolysate into the cells was studied, enabled to detect that lowering of DNA-protein interactions in intact cells occurred simultaneously with a decrease in the rate of spontaneous macromolecular synthesis. The natural growth-regulating drugs, which inhibited distinctly DNA synthesis, inhibited RNA synthesis only slightly and stimulated protein synthesis within the first hours of the cells cultivation, prevented a decrease in tightness of DNA-protein bonds at the beginning of cultivation and then contributed to the reaction thus correlating with inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis. Definite interrelationship was found between alterations in the chromatin structural state and the cells functional activity. The cells lost their functional activity after pronounced decrease in tightness of DNA-protein bonds.

[Oxygen activation by lymphocytes during interaction of HLA antibodies with HLA antigens]. / Aktivatsiia kisloroda limfotsitami pri vzaimodeistvii HLA-antitel s HLA-antigenami.

The method of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence was used to detect oxygen activation during interaction of HLA antibodies with HLA antigens expressed on lymphocyte surface. Introduction of specific anti-HLA serum into the lymphocyte suspension leads to a rapid decrease of intensity in chemiluminescence intensity follows. The maximum yield of induced chemiluminescence in case of using a specific antiserum is significantly lower than in the control. The method could be used for detection of HLA antigens on lymphocyte surface.

[Use of the antioxidant complex of vitamins A, E and C in murine leukemia]. / Primenenie antioksidantnogo kompleksa vitaminov A, E i C pri leikoze myshei.

A study was made of the content of ubiquinone, vitamins A, E, ascorbic, dehydroascorbic and diketogulonic acids (DKGA), and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in the liver, of the content of glutathione, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase in red blood cells, of the content of vitamins A, E and ubiquinone in the spleen of C57Bl/6jG mice with inoculated leukemia La. It was found that in red blood cells of the animals with leukemia, the content of vitamin E and DKGA reduced, the MDA level increased, and the content of glutathione dropped whereas SOD activity rose. Application of the antioxidant complex of vitamins A, E, C appreciably improved the characteristics of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant protection of the liver and red blood cells of the leukemic animals without exerting any noticeable effect on the content of vitamin E and ubiquinone in the leukemic spleen tissue.

[Postradiation life span of mice in relation to the modifying action of leukemic cells administered]. / Postradiatsionnaia prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni myshei v zavisimosti ot modifitsiruiushchego deistviia vvedennykh leikoznykh kletok.

Leukemic cells administered to X-irradiated mice modify the radiobiological effect to a degree that depends on the radiation dose, bone marrow transplantation, the quantity and quality of leukemic cells, and the time of their administration.

[Mechanisms of the interaction of the leukemic cell with endogenous regulators of the proliferation of hematopoietic tissue]. / Mekhanizmy vzaimodeistviia leikoznoi kletki s éndogennymi reguliatorami proliferatsii krovetvornoi tkani.

A substance inhibiting DNA synthesis in mouse leukemic cells was isolated from the regenerating calf spleen. When added to a suspension of leukaemic cells, this substance is adsorbed on their surface. The following changes in cell features being noticed: 1) a minute decrease in electrophoretic cell motility, 2) a decrease in esterase activity of the cells, 3) an increase in microviscosity of membrane lipids, 4) an increase in the intracellular pH values. With a longer contact with this substance, changes in nuclear chromatin structure were noticed, with special reference to weakened bonds between DNA and proteins. The data obtained are of significance for revealing molecular mechanisms of hematopoietic mediator action on target cells.

[Induction of the antileukemic activity in nonimmune allogeneic splenocytes using spleen hemoregulators]. / Induktsiia protivoleikoznoi aktivnosti u neimmunnykh allogennykh splenotsitov s pomoshch'iu gemoregulinov iz selezenki.

The leukemic mice treated with cyclophosphamide were injected twice a week with the allogenic splenocytes treated for 4 h with the substance isolated from the calf spleen. The leukemia growth inhibition was observed. Syngenic splenocytes were inactive. Allogenic but not syngenic splenocytes manifested a certain antileukemic activity observed in the Winn neutralization and 51Cr release tests, however this activity did not correlate quantitatively with more pronounced antileukemic action of cells in vivo.

[Anti-leukemia resistance and growth-regulating molecules in hematopoietic tissue]. / Protivoleikoznaia rezistentnost' i rostreguliruiushchie molekuly krovetvornoi tkani.

The analyzed data from literature suggest that the growth-regulating molecules of the hematopoietic tissue are a part of the antileukemic defence system of the body. This component of the antitumour resistance is the first one formed during the multicellular organism evolution. It is of special significance in the tissue stimulated to proliferation in which the number of antiblastic defence cell effectors diminishes in the regenerating tissue while the number of progenitor cells having the oncogenic potential increases.

[Structural properties of leukemic and normal lymphoid cells]. / Strukturnye svoistva leikoznykh i normal'nykh limfoidnykh kletok.

DNA synthesis intensity and spectral and fluorescent properties of leucemic, PHA-induced and intact normal mouse spleen cells and of nuclei isolated from these cells were investigated. The cell electrophoretic mobility and DNA-protein interaction in the nuclei were studied. Similarity in cell and nuclei fluorescence, fluorescence of the probe ANS conjugated with the cells, the electrophoretic mobility and tightness of DNA--protein interaction for leucemic and PHA--induced cells and also the similarity of the tightness of DNA--protein interaction for leucemic and normal intact cells were found inspite of the differences in DNA synthesis intensity and cell functional peculiarities.

[Effect of medium pH on oxygen activation by human blood neutrophils and lymphocytes during adhesion to glass and treatment with concanavalin A]. / Vliianie pH sredy na aktivatsiiu kisloroda neitrofilami i limfotsitami krovi cheloveka pri adgezii na steklo i deistvii konkanavalina A.

It has been established that oxygen activation by neutrophils and human blood lymphocytes at adhesion to glass and under the action of concanavalin A differently depends on pH. It has been suggested that oxygen activation by neutrophils and lymphocytes occurs through different mechanisms.

[Generation of active forms of oxygen by human peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes during adhesion to glass]. / Generatsiia aktivnykh form kisloroda neitrofilami i limfotsitami perifericheskoi krovi cheloveka pri adgezii na steklo.

Oxygen activation by neutrophils and human blood lymphocytes at adhesion to glass have been studied by luminol--dependent chemiluminescence. It has been established that the cell interaction with glass leads to the formation of O2-., O2', .OH and H2O2. Chemiluminescence kinetics and the excited--oxygen forms ratio at adhesion were different for neutrophils and lymphocytes. The desorption of cells resulted in a decrease of the chemiluminescent response to neutrophils and lymphocytes when they again adhered to glass and in practically complete inhibition of chemiluminescence induced by adding concanavalin A. It has been determined that at adhesion of neutrophils and lymphocytes to glass different mechanisms of oxygen activation take place.