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1.
BMJ Mil Health ; 2024 May 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38719228

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an everlasting health issue globally. The military environment is recognised as a high-risk setting. Human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most frequent STIs worldwide. This prospective cross-sectional pilot study focuses on the prevalence of selected STIs in the female population of the Czech Republic's Armed Forces. METHODS: C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and HPV detection and genotyping were performed between August 2020 and December 2022 in 141 women. Participants were divided into three groups according to their military status-recruits (n=72), active soldiers (n=25) and control civilian group (n=44). Cervical smear tests were performed, and data on STI risk factors were obtained through a questionnaire. RESULTS: A significant difference in the HPV prevalence between recruits (64.5 %) and both active soldiers (46.4 %) and civilians (47.3 %) was found when adjusted for age (p=0.007 and p=0.01, respectively). Lower age of coitarche (median 16; p=0.005) and smaller agglomeration origin (p=0.013) were reported for military recruits. No difference was proven in other researched risk factors. Associations between HPV detection and the higher number of sexual partners (p=0.013), early coitarche (p=0.016) and single marital status (p=0.002) across the groups were observed. Not a single case of N. gonorrhoeae was detected in any of the 141 participants. The prevalence of C. trachomatis did not differ significantly between the three evaluated groups-recruits, control civilian group, and active soldiers (5.6%, 2.3%, 0%, respectively; p=0.567). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study showed a significantly higher HPV prevalence in female military recruits compared with both active military and civilian women. Recruits reported earlier coitarche which is a strong STI risk factor. Further study is needed to expand on the findings of this pilot study and generate data to support adjustment of STI preventive measures within the Czech Republic Armed Forces.

2.
Analyst ; 143(6): 1305-1325, 2018 Mar 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29461553

ABSTRACT

Chromatographic methods have become popular in clinical analysis in both routine and research laboratories. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the current state of chromatographic methods, i.e., high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), in clinical analysis. The aspects related to method sensitivity, selectivity, analysis time, and throughput have been discussed in detail. Adequate solutions to improve these features have also been presented. HPLC is the most widely used method among the chromatographic methods, whereas GC is dedicated to several specific applications, and SFC is used only marginally certainly due to its only recent comeback to the analytical scene. Based on the literature search, the application fields in clinical analysis are divided into the following groups: drugs, hormones, drugs of abuse, metabolomics, lipidomics, volatile organic compounds, biomarkers and endogenous compounds, proteomics, multi-analyte approches, and others. The important features of these applications have been emphasized.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, Gas , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid , Clinical Chemistry Tests , Metabolomics
3.
Ceska Gynekol ; 79(6): 447-55, 2014 Dec.
Article in Czech | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25585553

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To develop guidelines for the ultrasound examination of cervical cancer, including a unified ultrasound terminology. SUBJECT: Original paper. SETTING: Gynecological Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and General Faculty Hospital Brno, and Gynecological Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University in Prague - First Faculty of Medicine and General Faculty Hospital Prague. SUBJECT AND METHOD: The standard diagnostic algo-rithm for examination of cervical cancer in oncogynecology centers in the Czech Republic is based on published studies, own experience (Oncogynecological Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,1st Medical Faculty, Charles University) and the experiences of a group of ultrasonographers involved in the grant project IGA MZ CR NT13070 focused on the implementation of an oncogynecological ultrasound into clinical practice. Standard ultrasound examination includes two-dimensional real-time ultrasound examination (sagittal and transverse views). Transrectal or transvaginal ultrasound examination is combined with transabdominal ultrasound. Prerequisites are quality ultrasound equipment, a high frequency microconvex linear probe and abdominal convex and linear probe. The examination is performed by an experienced sonographer (level 2 or 3 according to the recommendations of the Ultrasound division of the Czech Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Czech Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology). Intravenous administration of contrast material or three-dimensional ultrasound examination do not influence accuracy of the examination and is not a prerequisite. CONCLUSION: Based on the consensus of experienced sonographers and a review of the literature, guidelines were created for ultrasound staging of cervical cancer.


Subject(s)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Algorithms , Female , Humans , Neoplasm Staging , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Ultrasonography/standards , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
4.
Ceska Gynekol ; 79(6): 466-76, 2014 Dec.
Article in Czech | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25585555

ABSTRACT

The extent of the staging surgery in cases of histologically proven endometrial cancer depends on whether the tumor is of high risk or low risk for extrauterine spread and recurrence. There are several significant prognostic factors - histological subtype and grade of dediferentiation from preoperative biopsy and local stage of uterine involvement based on imaging methods. The depth of myometrial invasion and presence of cervical stromal infiltration (local staging) can be assessed by ultrasound with the overall accuracy comparable to that of magnetic resonance. Transvaginal ultrasound enables to vizualize detailed pelvic anatomy and that is why it is considered to be a suitable tool for assessment of local stage of endometrial cancer. It is advisable to use the standardized terminology defined by International Endometrial Tumor Analysis group (IETA) to describe ultrasound findings. The standardized methodology of ultrasound preoperative staging examination based on prearranged protocols is recommended.


Subject(s)
Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Preoperative Care , Ultrasonography/standards
5.
J Vector Ecol ; 35(1): 156-62, 2010 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20618662

ABSTRACT

Mosquito collections with CDC light traps using dry ice and pigeon-baited traps were carried out in south Moravia (Czech Republic) from April to October in 2007 and 2008 at two study sites. In 2007, 11 two-day captures were carried out in two-week intervals, and 1,490 female mosquitoes of nine species were caught. In 2008, 15 two-day trappings of mosquitoes were carried out: 6,778 females of 22 species of mosquitoes were trapped. The results showed marked differences in abundance and species composition of mosquitoes between both study sites and between the trapping methods. In the floodplain forest ecosystem of the Soutok study area, Aedes vexans predominated. The species composition in the Nesyt study site was more varied and the most common species was Culex pipiens. At the latter study site, Anopheles hyrcanus (var. pseudopictus) and Uranotaenia unguiculata, mosquito species with largely southern Eurasian distribution, were repeatedly demonstrated. The largest capture of mosquitoes was in traps with CO2 placed at a height 1 m above the ground. The capture of mosquitoes in the pigeon-baited traps as well as in the traps with CO2 placed in the canopy of trees was markedly lower in both study sites, with the predominant species being Culex pipiens.


Subject(s)
Culicidae/growth & development , West Nile Fever/epidemiology , West Nile Fever/transmission , Aedes/growth & development , Aedes/virology , Animals , Anopheles/growth & development , Anopheles/virology , Culicidae/virology , Geography
6.
Zdrav Prac ; 26(4): 234-6, 1976 Apr.
Article in Czech | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1051242
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