Pharmacist-Led Model to Reduce Hospital Readmissions in Medically Complex Children.

OBJECTIVES: This pilot study investigated the feasibility and effect on health care utilization of medically complex children participating in a pharmacist-led model for care coordination. Quality of life and satisfaction with care were secondarily assessed for each patient. METHODS: Four medically complex children were enrolled and contacted by the pharmacist weekly for 5 consecutive months. Time for each encounter with a patient was collected. Each patient's hospital admissions, days of stay, emergency department visits, and clinic visits were recorded. At enrollment and at the end of the study, each caregiver completed the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire to evaluate the child's quality of life and the Patient Assessment of Care for Chronic Conditions questionnaire to assess satisfaction with care. Patients aged 5 years and older completed an age-appropriate version of the PedsQL 4.0 as well. RESULTS: The pharmacist spent on average 60 to 80 minutes per patient per week. Hospital admissions and days of stay decreased for 3 patients and increased for 1 patient during this study. Quality of life increased for 2 patients and decreased for 2 patients and satisfaction with care increased for all 4 caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: This model was feasible for a pharmacist to coordinate and required frequent physician involvement. Health care utilization varied between patients, but overall decreased for the 4 patients pooled. Changes in quality of life varied and may be attributed to using a survey that was not specific to medically complex children. Overall, caregivers were highly satisfied with this service and the health care their child received.

Management strategies for neonatal hypoglycemia.

While hypoglycemia occurs commonly among neonates, treatment can be challenging if hypoglycemia persists beyond the first few days of life. This review discusses the available treatment options for both transient and persistent neonatal hypoglycemia. These treatment options include dextrose infusions, glucagon, glucocorticoids, diazoxide, octreotide, and nifedipine. A stepwise, practical approach to the management of these patients is offered.