Fluorescent microscopy evaluation of diode laser effect on the penetration depth of turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract cream on skin tissues of Wistar rats.

The study investigates the effect of diode laser exposure on curcumin's skin penetration, using turmeric extraction as a light-sensitive chemical and various laser light sources. It uses an in vivo skin analysis method on Wistar strain mice. The lasers are utilized at wavelengths of 403 nm, 523 nm, 661 nm, and 979 nm. The energy densities of the lasers are 20.566 J/cm2, 20.572 J/cm2, 21.162 J/cm2, and 21.298 J/cm2, which are comparable to one another. The experimental animals were divided into three groups: base cream (BC), turmeric extract cream (TEC), and the combination laser (L), BC, and TEC treatment group. Combination light source (LS) with cream (C) was performed with 8 combinations namely 523 nm ((L1 + BC) and (L1 + TEC)), 661 nm ((L2 + BC) and (L2 + TEC)), 403 nm ((L3 + BC) and (L3 + TEC)), and 979 nm ((L4 + BC) and (L4 + TEC)). The study involved applying four laser types to cream-covered and turmeric extract-coated rat skin, with samples scored for analysis. The study found that both base cream and curcumin cream had consistent pH values of 7-8, within the skin's range, and curcumin extract cream had lower viscosity. The results of the statistical analysis of Kruskal-Wallis showed a significant value (p < 0.05), which means that there are at least two different laser treatments. The results of the post hoc analysis with Mann-Whitney showed that there was no significant difference in the LS treatment with the addition of BC or TEC when compared to the BC or TEC treatment alone (p > 0.05), while the treatment using BC and TEC showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Laser treatment affects the penetration of the turmeric extract cream into the rat skin tissue.

Antibacterial effect of red laser-activated silver nanoparticles synthesized with grape seed extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Living organisms, particularly humans, frequently encounter microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses in their surroundings. Silver nanoparticles are widely used in biomedical devices because of their antibacterial and antiviral properties. The study evaluates the efficacy of red laser and silver nanoparticles from grape seed extract (AgNPs-GSE) in reducing Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which cause infections. The sample comprised three groups: a control group without laser irradiation (T0), Escherichia coli samples (A1 and A2) irradiated with a 405-nm diode laser at different times and concentrations of silver nanoparticles, and Staphylococcus aureus samples (A3 and A4) illuminated with a 405-nm diode laser at different times and concentrations. Bacteria in groups A2 and A4 were treated with a photosensitizer (PS) made from grape seed extracts, incubated for 10 min, and then irradiated for 90, 120, 150, and 180 s. The samples were cultured on TSA media, set at 37 °C, counted using a Quebec colony counter, and analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. The study illustrated that the combination of 10 µl of AgNPs-GSE, exposure to a red laser at 405 nm, and an energy density of 3.44 J/cm2 effectively photoinactivated both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. For Escherichia coli bacteria irradiated for 180 s with concentrations of 1 mM, 1.5 mM, and 2 mM AgNPs-GSE, bacterial viability decreased by 64.50%, 70.74%, and 79.53%, respectively. Similarly, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, subjected to irradiation for 180 s with concentrations of 1 mM, 1.5 mM, and 2 mM AgNPs-GSE, demonstrated reductions in bacterial viability by 70.23%, 73.47%, and 85.04%, respectively. The findings from the present study indicate that at an energy density of 3.44 J/cm2, it was possible to inactivate Escherichia coli by 79.53% and Staphylococcus aureus by 85.04%.

Photobiomodulation effect of infra-red laser on the level of gonad maturity in the Simese Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).

The purpose of this study is to determine how photo biomodulation therapy utilizing infrared diode laser irradiation (975.2 nm) affects the gonadal maturity level (GML) of male Siamese catfish (Pan-gasianodon hypothalamus). The interest in applying laser therapy in medicine and dentistry has remarkably increased in the last decade. Different types of lasers are available, and their usage is well-defined by different parameters, such as wavelength, energy density, power output, duration of radiation, power density and radiation mode. Infrared diode laser irradiation is used at the reproductive point (governor's vessel), situated 2/3 of the way between the anus and the pectoral fin. This study examined the metrics GML, gonads somatic index, and hepatosomatic index. The treatments were Control+ (ovaprim), Control- (without the treatment), P1 (0.2 J/cm2), P2 (0.4 J/cm2), P3 (0.6 J/cm2), and P4 (0.8 J/cm2). Therapy with infrared diode laser irradiation can modify gonad maturity (GML), gonadosomal index, and hepatosomatic index in male Siamese catfish. The photobiomodulation effect of an infrared laser stimulated the gonadal maturation of Siamese catfish. This is based on the values of wavelength (nm), power (mW), beam area (cm2), time (s), radiation mode (rad) and energy dose (J/cm2) in Control- (no treatment), control+ (ovaprim), P1, P2, P3, and P4. The increase in the observed parameter values is due to the vitellogenesis process. The fish gonads at the GML IV had the highest GML at P2 (dose 0.4 J/cm2), with a GSI value of 1.02% and an HSI value of 1.46%. According to the study's findings, photo biomodulation therapy with infrared diode laser exposure at a dose of 0.4 J/cm2 is the best way to increase the gonad maturity of male Siamese catfish.

Effectiveness of ozone-laser photodynamic combination therapy for healing wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in mice.

Background and Aim: According to 2013 data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, there were 8.2% more wounds than typical in Indonesia; 25.4% were open wounds, 70.9% were abrasions and bruises, and 23.2% were lacerations. A wound is defined as damage or loss of body tissue. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of wound healing using red-laser therapy (650 nm, 3.5 J/cm2), blue-laser therapy (405 nm, 3.5 J/cm2), ozone therapy, red-laser therapy (650 nm, 3.5 J/cm2) with ozone, and blue-laser therapy (405 nm, 3.5 J/cm2) with ozone. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twelve mice were given incision wounds and infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The study used a factorial design with two factors: The type of therapy (n = 7) and irradiation time (days 1, 2, 4, and 6). The mice were divided into seven therapy groups: Control group with NaCl, control with Sofra-tulle® treatment, red-laser therapy (650 nm, 3.5 J/cm2), blue-laser therapy (405 nm, 3.5 J/cm2), ozone therapy, red-laser therapy (650 nm, 3.5 J/cm2) with ozone, and blue-laser therapy (405 nm, 3.5 J/cm2) with ozone. This therapy was performed using irradiation perpendicular to the wound area. The photosensitizer used was curcumin 10 mg/mL, which was applied to the wound area before exposure to a laser and ozone. The ozone concentration was 0.011 mg/L with a flow time of 80 s. The test parameters were the number of collagens, bacterial colonies, lymphocytes, monocytes, and wound length measurement to determine their acceleration effects on wound healing. Data were analyzed by a two-way (factorial) analysis of variance test. Results: Acceleration of wound healing was significantly different between treatments with a laser or a laser-ozone combination and treatment using 95% sodium chloride (NaCl) and Sofra-tulle®. On day 6, the blue-laser with ozone treatment group had efficiently increased the number of bacteria and reduced the wound length, and the red-laser treatment with ozone increased the amount of collagen. In addition, the red-laser also reduced the number of lymphocytes and monocytes, which can have an impact on accelerating wound healing. Blue-laser therapy was very effective for increasing the number of epithelia. Conclusion: The blue- and red-laser combined with ozone treatments effectively accelerated the healing of incisional wounds infected with MRSA bacteria.

Design and Application of Near Infrared LED and Solenoid Magnetic Field Instrument to Inactivate Pathogenic Bacteria.

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of infrared LEDs with a magnetic solenoid field in lowering the quantity of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria, as well as the best exposure period and energy dose for inactivating these bacteria. METHOD: Research has been performed on a photodynamic therapy technique called photodynamic inactivation (PDI), which combines infrared LED light with a wavelength range of 951-952 nm and a solenoid magnetic field with a strength of 0-6 mT. The two, taken together, can potentially harm the target structure biologically. Infrared LED light and an AC-generated solenoid magnetic field are both applied to bacteria to measure the reduction in viability. Three different treatments infrared LED, solenoid magnetic field, and an amalgam of infrared LED and solenoid magnetic field, were used in this study. A factorial statistical ANOVA analysis was utilized in this investigation. RESULTS: The maximum bacterial production was produced by irradiating a surface for 60 min at a dosage of 0.593 J/cm2, according to the data. The combined use of infrared LEDs and a magnetic field solenoid resulted in the highest percentage of fatalities for Staphylococcus aureus, which was 94.43 s. The highest percentage of inactivation for Escherichia coli occurred in the combination treatment of infrared LEDs and a magnetic field solenoid, namely, 72.47 ± 5.06%. In contrast, S. aureus occurred in the combined treatment of infrared LEDs and a magnetic field solenoid, 94.43 ± 6.63 percent. CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli germs are inactivated using infrared illumination and the best solenoid magnetic fields. This is evidenced by the rise in the proportion of bacteria that died in treatment group III, which used a magnetic solenoid field and infrared LEDs to deliver a dosage of 0.593 J/cm2 over 60 min. According to the research findings, the magnetic field of the solenoid and the infrared LED field significantly impact the gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and the gram-negative bacteria E. coli.

Effect of 650 nm laser photobiomodulation therapy on the HT-7 (shenmen) acupoint in the Mus musculus model of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease is one of the neurodegenerative conditions that impacts 1-2% of the world's population. The only effective therapy for this condition today is to restore the biochemical function of the diseased dopamine neurons by giving them Levodopa or L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). The risk of progenitor stem cells, though, is the growth of teratomas or the uncontrolled growth of cells. As a result, an alternative or additional method is needed, such as photobiomodulation therapy using a laser diode. In this research, male mice (Mus musculus), which were used as models for Parkinson's disease in an in vivo paraquat study, to determine the optimal dose of photobiomodulation therapy and a laser diode was used as a treatment. Methods: The three sample groups are Group P-L- (control group, induced by 0.9% NaCl), Group P + L- (only caused by paraquat), and Group P + L+. (Treatment group, treated by paraquat and photobiomodulation therapy with a laser diode). Photobiomodulation treatment doses of 0.14 J, 0.29 J, 0.37 J, 0.76 J, 1.14 J, and 1.52 J were used in the P+L+ subgroups (6 groups). The laser diode generated a continuous wave with a wavelength of 658 nm, a beam spot of 2.10 mm, and an output power of 15.42 mW. After treatment, the histopathology results of each sample were inspected under a microscope. Result: In Parkinson's disease-affected mice, paraquat has been shown to reduce the number of neurons. According to the results of the histopathological examination, photobiomodulation therapy using a laser diode (P + L+) on the HT-7 (Shenmen) may raise the quantity of neurons and the proportion of healthy cells in the mouse brain. Conclusion: The effective radiated energy of the photobiomodulation therapy using laser diode treatment on the muscle musculus cell model of Parkinson's disease is 0.76 J.