Interactive pregnancy education on stress, cortisol, and epinephrine level in primigravida of trimester III pregnant: a quasi-experimental.

Infant mortality is caused by various health problems, especially since the gestation period, even starting before the gestation period. Stress during pregnancy affects the motor, cognitive, and emotional development of the baby. This study aims to determine the effect of interactive pregnancy education (IPE) on decreasing levels of cortisol, epinephrine, and its relationship with stress levels in third-trimester primigravida pregnant women. This research is a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group design, which has two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The authors compared the experimental group that was given the intervention with the control group that was not given any treatment. This research was conducted in the three Community Health Centers in Indonesia from June 2022 until December 2022. The samples were 30 third-trimester primigravida pregnant women for the intervention and control groups. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests with SPSS 22 software. The results of this study indicate that IPE has a good impact on pregnant women, where there is a significant relationship in the post-test cortisol and epinephrine levels in the intervention group. This indicates that IPE contributed to the difference in post-test scores in the intervention group. The IPE method is effective in reducing stress levels and cortisol levels in pregnant women, especially in pregnant women with high levels of stress.

Hypnotherapy influence on maternal psychological, breastfeeding, mRNA-OXTR expression, and OXTR protein.

Hypnotherapy has emerged as a potential alternative to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates, particularly in countries like Indonesia where they are below optimal levels. This study aims to evaluate the impact of audio hypnotherapy on the psychological, exclusive breastfeeding behavior, the OXTR protein and mRNA expression gene OXTR in mothers of infants aged 0-6 months. This study employed a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial design, conducted from November 2022 to May 2023 in 11 primary health centers. The study population included breastfeeding mothers with infants aged 0-6 months, with a total sample size of 70 respondents who were randomly divided into intervention (received audio hypnotherapy) and control groups (received standard care). The psychological condition was measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Exclusive breastfeeding behavior was assessed based on both quality and quantity. Genetic factors were evaluated through mRNA OXTR expression using real-time PCR and protein OXTR levels using ELISA. Analyzing data using linear and logistic regression models. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in psychological condition (p < .0001). There were big differences in the exclusive breastfeeding behavior (p < .0001), as well as in the amounts of protein OXTR and mRNA expression of the OXTR gene (p < .0001). We recommend the implementation of audio hypnotherapy as an effective complementary therapeutic approach to manage the psychological well-being, exclusive breastfeeding behavior, the mRNA expression of the OXTR gene and levels of OXTR protein in mothers of infants aged 0-6 months.

Effect of Probiotic Adjuvant Therapy on Improvement of Clinical Symptoms & Interleukin 6 Levels in Patients With Schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the effect of giving probiotic adjuvant therapy on improving clinical symptoms & IL-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: This research was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at Dadi Psychiatric Hospital, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia in November-December 2021. The sample of the research was patients with schizophrenia undergoing hospitalization who received therapeutic doses of risperidone with a total of 21 samples in each treatment and control group. Research subjects were measured with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline, 2nd, 4th, and 6th weeks. The treatment group received one capsule/12 hours/oral of probiotics for six weeks and the control group received 1 capsule/12 hours/oral placebo for 6 weeks. In addition, two measurements of IL-6 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed in both groups, namely at the beginning of week 0 and the end of the 6th week. RESULTS: We found the decrease in the PANSS value which described the improvement in clinical symptoms of the schizophrenic group after receiving therapeutic doses of antipsychotics and probiotic capsules or the treatment group as well as the schizophrenia group receiving therapeutic doses of antipsychotics and placebo capsules or the control group. CONCLUSION: Improvements in clinical symptoms and decreased levels of IL-6 in the group of patients with schizophrenia who received risperidone with probiotic adjuvant therapy were better than in the group of patients with schizophrenia who received risperidone without probiotics as adjuvant therapy.

The effectiveness of gentle prenatal yoga on the recovery of anxiety level in primigravid and multigravid pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of gentle prenatal yoga on the anxiety problem in primigravida and multigravida pregnant women. METHOD: This study was conducted at Bara-Baraya Health Center, Antang Health Center, Kapasa Health Center, and Mamajang Health Center. The applied research design in this study was a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design approach. Samples were selected using a purposive sample technique. Furthermore, the instrument used was the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. The number of samples in this study was 24 respondents divided into two groups, 12 in the intervention group and 12 in the control group. Meanwhile, the criteria of samples in this study were pregnant women in the first to fifth pregnancy, having been in trimester II-III with the gestational age of ≥20-30 weeks, and not having complications in pregnancy. RESULTS: the HARS scores in the intervention group showed that the mean rank of the pre-test was 23.75, In the mid-test, it was 20.00, and in the post-test, it was 16.00. Meanwhile, in the control group, its mean rank was 23.50, mid-test it was 21.58, and the post-test it was 20.41 showed that the intervention group experienced a significant decrease in anxiety levels. From the results of the Mann Whitney test, the intervention group p=0.001<(α 0.05) showed that there were significant changes. CONCLUSION: There were differences in HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) scores between the intervention and control groups before and after a gentle prenatal yoga treatment.

The effectiveness of gentle prenatal yoga on the recovery of depression level in pregnant women aged.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of gentle prenatal yoga toward depression and abnormal serotonin hormone levels in pregnant women aged <20 and >35 years old. METHOD: This study was conducted at Bara Baraya Health Center, Antang Health Center, Kapasa Health Center, and Mamajang Health Center. The applied research design in this study was a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design approach. Samples were selected using a purposive sample technique. The instrument used was the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire. The number of samples in this study was 24 respondents divided into 2, 12 in the intervention group and 12 in the control group. Sample criteria in this study were pregnant women aged <20 and >35 years old, having been in trimester II-III with the gestational age of ≥20 to <31 weeks, and not having complications in pregnancy. RESULTS: The mean values for the intervention group were 6.50 in the pre-test to the mid-test and 6.50 in the mid-test to the post-test. Meanwhile, the mean values for the control group were 5.61 in the pre-test to the mid-test and 4.50 in the mid-test to the post-test. This indicated that the intervention group experienced a significantly reduced level of depression based on the BD-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II) scores when compared to the control group. Furthermore, based on the comparison of the post-test data between the intervention group and the control group, it was obtained the p-value of 0.005 (α<0.05). CONCLUSION: There were differences in BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II) scores between the intervention group and the control group after receiving prenatal gentle yoga treatment.

The influence of macronutrient intake, stress and prostaglandin levels (pgf2α) of urine with the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the influence of macronutrient intake, stress, and prostaglandin levels (pgf2α) on adolescent dysmenorrhea incidence. METHOD: This type of study is observational analytic with a cohort study draft done in January-March 2020 at High junior school 21 Makassar. Respondents in this study were grade X and XI students divided into 64 teenagers who had dysmenorrhea and 64 adolescents who did not experience Dysmenrhea. The criteria of the respondent in this study were the reproductive age, already experiencing menstruation, knowing the time and date of menstruation, menstrual cycles were regular, and willing to be respondents. The study used Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire (MSQ) and used an ultrasonography (ultrasound) examination to perform the sample cervical. Food recall 24 hours to assess the intake of macronutrients, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 42) to measure stress levels, and an examination of urine prostaglandin levels using the method Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Urine intake is carried out on the second day as much as 2-5cc. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and logistics regression backward. RESULT: A multivariate analysis showed a variable that strongly affects dysmenorrhea is stress with the value p=0.000 and the level of prostaglandins with p-value=0.003 compared to other variables. CONCLUSION: Stress and prostaglandin levels significantly affect the occurrence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.

The use of aromatherapy in primary dysmenorrhea.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to determine the use of aromatherapy in primary dysmenorrhea. METHOD: This is a literature review by searching article databases through Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Microsoft Academic, ProQuest, Semantic Scholar. The selection period for article publication is from 2015 to 2021. A total of 96 articles were obtained, and 30 articles could be entered according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Thirty articles were analyzed, it is shown that aromatherapy effectively reduces the intensity of primary dysmenorrheal pain. The sample size of the 30 articles varied from 16 samples to 200 research samples, and the research design used experiments, clinical trials, and ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro studies. CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy is an effective alternative intervention that can be used to reduce the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea pain.

Gender Differences in Depression in the General Population of Indonesia: Confounding Effects.

BACKGROUND: Research findings on gender differences in depression are inconsistent. This study investigated gender and depression in the Indonesian population and considered possible confounding effects. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants completed the following self-report measures: demographic characteristic questions, the Cultural Orientation Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Gender differences in depression were examined using a generalized linear model. RESULTS: After withdrawals, 265 men and 243 women remained. Women and men did not differ in overall scores and four-factor depression symptoms even after adjusting for cultural orientation and demographic confounding factors, except for the depression symptoms "crying," "cannot get going," and "people were unfriendly." Gender differences in depression became significant after adjusting for stereotypical symptom variance. Men reported being lonelier than women. CONCLUSIONS: Possible confounding effects on the association between gender and depression are methodological issues, cultural orientation transition, and stereotypical symptoms. Low depression scores found for gender may reflect dimension-counterpart coping strategies.

The effectiveness of gentle prenatal yoga on the recovery of anxiety level in primigravid and multigravid pregnant women

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of gentle prenatal yoga on the anxiety problem in primigravida and multigravida pregnant women. Method: This study was conducted at Bara-Baraya Health Center, Antang Health Center, Kapasa Health Center, and Mamajang Health Center. The applied research design in this study was a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design approach. Samples were selected using a purposive sample technique. Furthermore, the instrument used was the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. The number of samples in this study was 24 respondents divided into two groups, 12 in the intervention group and 12 in the control group. Meanwhile, the criteria of samples in this study were pregnant women in the first to fifth pregnancy, having been in trimester II-III with the gestational age of ≥20–30 weeks, and not having complications in pregnancy. Results: the HARS scores in the intervention group showed that the mean rank of the pre-test was 23.75, In the mid-test, it was 20.00, and in the post-test, it was 16.00. Meanwhile, in the control group, its mean rank was 23.50, mid-test it was 21.58, and the post-test it was 20.41 showed that the intervention group experienced a significant decrease in anxiety levels. From the results of the Mann Whitney test, the intervention group p = 0.001 < (α 0.05) showed that there were significant changes. Conclusion: There were differences in HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) scores between the intervention and control groups before and after a gentle prenatal yoga treatment. (AU)

The influence of macronutrient intake, stress and prostaglandin levels (pgf2a) of urine with the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the influence of macronutrient intake, stress, and prostaglandin levels (pgf2α) on adolescent dysmenorrhea incidence. Method: This type of study is observational analytic with a cohort study draft done in January–March 2020 at High junior school 21 Makassar. Respondents in this study were grade X and XI students divided into 64 teenagers who had dysmenorrhea and 64 adolescents who did not experience Dysmenrhea. The criteria of the respondent in this study were the reproductive age, already experiencing menstruation, knowing the time and date of menstruation, menstrual cycles were regular, and willing to be respondents. The study used Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire (MSQ) and used an ultrasonography (ultrasound) examination to perform the sample cervical. Food recall 24 hours to assess the intake of macronutrients, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 42) to measure stress levels, and an examination of urine prostaglandin levels using the method Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Urine intake is carried out on the second day as much as 2–5 cc. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and logistics regression backward. Result: A multivariate analysis showed a variable that strongly affects dysmenorrhea is stress with the value p = 0.000 and the level of prostaglandins with p-value = 0.003 compared to other variables. Conclusion: Stress and prostaglandin levels significantly affect the occurrence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents. (AU)

The effectiveness of gentle prenatal yoga on the recovery of depression level in pregnant women aged

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of gentle prenatal yoga toward depression and abnormal serotonin hormone levels in pregnant women aged <20 and >35 years old. Method: This study was conducted at Bara Baraya Health Center, Antang Health Center, Kapasa Health Center, and Mamajang Health Center. The applied research design in this study was a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design approach. Samples were selected using a purposive sample technique. The instrument used was the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire. The number of samples in this study was 24 respondents divided into 2, 12 in the intervention group and 12 in the control group. Sample criteria in this study were pregnant women aged <20 and >35 years old, having been in trimester II-III with the gestational age of ≥20 to <31 weeks, and not having complications in pregnancy. Results: The mean values for the intervention group were 6.50 in the pre-test to the mid-test and 6.50 in the mid-test to the post-test. Meanwhile, the mean values for the control group were 5.61 in the pre-test to the mid-test and 4.50 in the mid-test to the post-test. This indicated that the intervention group experienced a significantly reduced level of depression based on the BD-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II) scores when compared to the control group. Furthermore, based on the comparison of the post-test data between the intervention group and the control group, it was obtained the p-value of 0.005 (α < 0.05). Conclusion: There were differences in BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II) scores between the intervention group and the control group after receiving prenatal gentle yoga treatment. (AU)

The use of aromatherapy in primary dysmenorrhea

Objective: The purpose of this review is to determine the use of aromatherapy in primary dysmenorrhea. Method: This is a literature review by searching article databases through Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Microsoft Academic, ProQuest, Semantic Scholar. The selection period for article publication is from 2015 to 2021. A total of 96 articles were obtained, and 30 articles could be entered according to the inclusion criteria. Results: Thirty articles were analyzed, it is shown that aromatherapy effectively reduces the intensity of primary dysmenorrheal pain. The sample size of the 30 articles varied from 16 samples to 200 research samples, and the research design used experiments, clinical trials, and ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro studies. Conclusion: Aromatherapy is an effective alternative intervention that can be used to reduce the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea pain. (AU)

Socio-economic-demographic determinants of depression in Indonesia: A hospital-based study.

The association of socio-economic-demographic (SED; e.g., income-related) factors with depression is widely confirmed in the literature. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study of 160 patients with psychiatrist-diagnosed clinical depression. The control group comprised 160 participants recruited from local communities. We used a questionnaire to collect SED data from all participants. We replaced missing values using multiple imputation analyses and further analyzed the pooled data of five imputations. We also recorded the results from the original analysis and each imputation. Univariate analyses showed income was associated with depression. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that, among all SED variables, high income (odds ratio = 2.088 [95% confidence interval = 1.178-3.700]; p = 0.012), middle-level (completed junior or senior high school) education (1.688 [1.042-2.734]; p = 0.033) and cohabitating with four or more family members (1.632 [1.025-2.597]; p = 0.039) were significant predictors for the case group. We conclude that cash income is a determinant of depression in hospital outpatients in Indonesia. This study suggests health policy implications toward better hospital access and service for people with depression in middle- or low-income households, and recommends considering high income as correlated with a high risk of depression, owing to socio-cultural changes.