Osteoma of the stylohyoid chain: A rare presentation in a CBCT study.

A 54-year-old male patient presented for a periodic check-up at the dental clinic. A panoramic radiograph showed bilateral ossification of the stylohyoid ligament with an oval radiopacity on the right side. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed a well-defined, homogenous hyperdense entity from the lower third of the ossified stylohyoid ligament on the right side. The differential diagnosis of osteoma on the stylohyoid chain includes Eagle syndrome and benign tumors of the stylohyoid chain and adjacent structures. Osteoma rarely manifests in the neck. Even more infrequent are tumors originating from the stylohyoid chain, with only a single documented case of osteoma reported in the literature in 1993. Due to the asymptomatic status, no surgical intervention was advised, and the case would be monitored periodically. This case report describes the details of an osteoma that emerged from the stylohyoid chain, marking it as the second recorded occurrence of this highly rare condition.

Research: Prevalence of Dense Bone Island.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of dense bone island (DBI) and its relationship to age and sex; its predominant location, amount, and shape; and its correlation with resorption of roots. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review was done with panoramic images of 4581 patients above the age of 14 years at Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine in northeast Ohio from January 2014 to May 2015. RESULTS: Of 4581 patients seen, 147 (3.2%) reported with DBI. Females were mostly affected compared with males, and this was statistically significant. The age group primarily involved was from 15 to 24 years. The mandibular right premolar apical region was mostly involved,and the shape of lesions was mostly round. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, DBI appears as radiopaque islands without any radiolucent rim on radiographic images. These islands can occur at any age and at any location, with a predilection for females.The lesions are mostly seen in the mandibular premolar apical area. Resorption was seen in few cases of DBI, and follow-up showed no deleterious effects.

Detection of Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis on Conventional Dental Imaging.

Vascular calcification occurs with aging, and several risk factors including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and disorders of calcium metabolism have been identified. M6nckeberg medial sclerosis (MMS) is the most common variant of medial calcification. M6nckeberg sclerosis can lead to significant adverse cardiovascular outcomes such as arterial stiffness, increased pulse and left ventricular hypertrophy. Here we report two cases of MMS involving facial vasculature, diagnosed incidentally on radiographs during their routine dental evaluation. They appear as convoluted "railroad tracks" patterns of the facial artery calcification. We believe that a better understanding and identification of these calcifications can lead to appropriate patient follow-up with medical providers and interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality by potentially predicting possible cardiovascular events.

CBCT Diagnosis of a Stafne Bone Defect.

The Stafne bone defect, also known as the Stafne bone cyst, or Stafne bone cavity, is an asymptomatic, static depression of the lingual aspect of the mandible that often appears as a radiolucent area near the angle of the mandible. It noted as an incidental finding during routine dental imaging. The purpose of this article is to present a case that was diagnosed as a Stafne bone defect using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). This diagnosis is based on radiographic characteristics, which are described as a well-defined, round to ovoid radiolucent lesion in the lower left mandible, located below the inferior alveolar nerve canal and anterior to the angle of the mandible. Radiographic confirmation should preclude further surgical exploration.

Concrescence: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Imaging Perspective.

Concrescence is a form of twinning, formed by the confluence of cementum of two teeth at the root level. The diagnosis of concrescence has largely relied on the conventional 2D imaging. The 2D imaging has inherent limitations such as distortion and superimposition. Cone-Beam CT eliminates these limitations. The aim of this article was to describe a case of dental abnormality using Cone-Beam CT imaging modality. Volumetric data demonstrated confluence of left mandibular third molar with a paramolar, a supernumerary tooth. To our knowledge, this is the second case in the dental literature reported demonstrating the use of Cone-Beam CT in the diagnosis of concrescence.

Maxillofacial fibrous dysplasia: a diagnostic challenge.

A 30-year-old woman presented for orthodontic treatment, with a chief symptom of a 'shifting bite' and concurrent facial asymmetry with aesthetic concerns. The patient had previously received treatment from several general dentists and several specialists, without accurate diagnosis. Radiological investigation coupled with biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia. Proper diagnosis led to changes in the treatment plan and gave the patient realistic expectations about the options she had for the outcome of treatment. Prompt diagnosis by dental practitioners is critical to patient satisfaction and successful outcome; therefore, it is important to familiarise ourselves with the signs, symptoms and proper course of management of fibrous dysplasia.