Correction: Men's knowledge, attitude, and barriers towards emergency contraception: A facility based cross-sectional study at King Saud University Medical City.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249292.].

Family Adoption Program for Undergraduate Medical Students at a New Medical School of Jharkhand: An Experience and SWOC Analysis.

Introduction: Family adoption program (FAP) incorporated into the undergraduate medical education curriculum is beneficial to all stakeholders involved. Many medical colleges have started FAP at different times and various levels based on resources availability, feasibility, and accessibility. This article is intended to cover the process of FAP implementation, the strength, weakness, opportunities, and challenges at various levels, and its scope in future. Methodology: FAP was launched by adopting a hamlet 17 km away from the college. During the foundation course, orientation lessons and logbook discussions were conducted online before the actual field visit. During the initial visit, families were assigned, which was followed by collecting sociodemographic information, a plantation drive, and organizing medical camp/ door to door screening in the last visits for phase one students. Observations: The strengths perceived were early community exposure of students and leadership skills, and the weaknesses were allocating adequate number of slots in the curriculum, adopting families far away, etc., Similarly, FAP has an opportunity to achieve the larger goal of Heath for All in terms of identifying, following up, and managing various socio clinical cases in the adopted families. However, few challenges can pose as it progresses across other phases, such as language problem, allotment of problem families, existing social pathology in family, cultural taboos, etc. Conclusion: The article suggests that once a student leaves, another student should continue the cycle of adoption and provide continuum care of services to prevent the family from being orphaned.

The 'take-5 theatre brief': Group mindfulness practice for operating theatre teams.

BACKGROUND: A surgical team works in a high-performance environment and is exposed to stress. Mindfulness practice is evidenced to reduce symptoms of stress, as well as burnout, which is high amongst health workers. The operating theatre is unique, with many job-roles, needs and time-critical tasks. It is plausible that group mindfulness may benefit the surgical team. This evaluates the take-5 theatre brief, consisting of a 'check-in' and short breathwork, when used by two surgical teams as part of the regular theatre team brief. APPROACH: The take-5 theatre brief was evaluated using domains of acceptability and implementation. Data were collected at two district general hospitals in the United Kingdom using 5-point Likert scales hosted on electronic surveys Thematic analysis was performed of participant voice notes, strategic meeting notes and transcripts of interviews between key informants. EVALUATION: There were 17 participants. Ten were from site A (59%), with the remainder being from site B (41%) and covered a range of roles within the theatre team. Participants found the take-5 theatre brief helpful (median Likert 5) and felt that it would benefit themselves (median Likert 5) as well as the team (median Likert 5) and that it fitted into the day easily (median Likert 4). There was a high demand, no financial investment was required and overall it was easy to implement; however, it became challenged in theatre lists that were late to start. IMPLICATION: The take-5 theatre brief is an acceptable initiative for these two operating theatre teams.

Does employee engagement promote innovation? The Facilitators of innovative workplace behavior via mediation and moderation.

The demonstration of innovative behaviour by employees plays a crucial role in enabling organisations to effectively respond and adapt to the rapidly evolving business landscape. There has been an increase in research aimed at identifying the factors that contribute to the progressive development of innovative capacity, as there has been a substantial rise in interest in the comprehension of innovation mechanisms. Drawing on self-determination theory, this study aims to investigate the effect of employee engagement on innovative work behavior. The mediating role of employee voice behavior was also explored. Additionally, this study examines the potential moderating impact of perceived distributive justice on the relationship between employee engagement and innovative work behavior. A quantitative study was undertaken using a sample size of 180 participants who were employed in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the results of the study. The results revealed that engaged employees are more likely to exhibit innovative behavior. Furthermore, employee voice was discovered to fully mediate the relationship between employee engagement and innovative behavior, as well as to have a significant influence on both employee engagement and innovative behavior. However, the findings did not support the hypothesis that perceived distributive justice moderates the association between employee engagement and innovative behavior. Future research directions and managerial implications were also mentioned.

A cluster onset of acute and accelerated silicosis cases in workers of ramming mass industries in Jharkhand, Eastern India.

Introduction and Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among workers of ramming mass industries in the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, eastern India. Workers had occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust of varied duration between 1 and 6 years. A total of 122 subjects participated in it. Relevant epidemiological information was collected from them. All were x-rayed using 300 mA radiation for the detection of the presence of silicotic opacities if any as described by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) for the detection of silicosis. Results: The study revealed that 61.4% (n = 75) of subjects had silicosis. Of them, 19 had acute silicosis (having a duration of silica dust exposure of 2 years or lesser) and 56 had accelerated silicosis (a duration of occupational exposure of > 2 to 6 years). The offending agent was clouds of respirable crystalline silica dust from the ramming mass industries. Epidemiological Interpretation: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an outbreak of acute and accelerated silicosis cases because of occupational inhalational exposure to ramming mass in India with a sizable portion of female workers with silicosis. Regional as well as national authorities need to take appropriate interventional measures in a programmatic mode as soon as possible. Conclusion: An in-depth investigation on the existence and magnitude of the problem of silico-tuberculosis is needed to be performed in them as silicosis increases the vulnerability of pulmonary tuberculosis among the affected workers.

Three-dimensional MHD flow of hybrid material between rotating disks with heat generation.

In this study, we investigate the flow of electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid (Ag+Cu/H2O), due to rotating disks, along with thermal slip, heat generation, and viscous dissipation. The nonlinear differential system is modelled and transformed into dimensionless partial differential equations using suitable dimensionless variables. To obtain solutions for the considered model, a finite difference toolkit is implemented, and numerical solutions are achieved. Graphical results are presented to display the influences of different dimensionless variables on flow velocity and temperature. This research contributes to a better understanding of hybrid nanofluid flows and can inform the design of cooling systems and other practical applications.

Energy transfer in Carreau Yasuda liquid influenced by engine oil with Magnetic dipole using tri-hybrid nanoparticles.

The aim of the current analysis is to evaluate the significances of magnetic dipole and heat transmission through ternary hybrid Carreau Yasuda nanoliquid flow across a vertical stretching sheet. The ternary compositions of Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 nanoparticles (nps) in the Carreau Yasuda fluid are used to prepare the ternary hybrid nanofluid (Thnf). The heat transfer and velocity are observed in context of heat source/sink and Darcy Forchhemier effect. Mathematically, the flow scenario has been expressed in form of the nonlinear system of PDEs for fluid velocity and energy propagation. The obtained set of PDEs are transform into ODEs through suitable replacements. The obtained dimensionless equations are computationally solved with the help of the parametric continuation method. It has been observed that the accumulation of Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2-nps to the engine oil, improves the energy and momentum profiles. Furthermore, as compared to nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid, ternary hybrid nanofluid have a greater tendency to boost the thermal energy transfer. The fluid velocity lowers with the outcome of the ferrohydrodynamic interaction term, while enhances with the inclusion of nano particulates (Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2).

Relative Permittivity Measurement of Microliter Volume Liquid Samples through Microwave Filters.

This paper proposes a concept of dielectric characterization of low-volume liquid samples using the coupling coefficient of filters. The concept is validated through a two-pole substrate integrated waveguide filter in which the liquid under test is mounted on the coupling section between the two resonators. Unlike the conventional resonator perturbation method reported many times in the literature, this technique uses the coupling coefficient for sensing. The liquid sample is collected in a capillary tube and carefully positioned on the coupling section of the filter; the coupling coefficient of the two resonators varies compared to the relative permittivity of the sample; thus, an empirical model is established. The proposed sensor has been tested to compute the permittivity of different alcohols. Binary solutions of ethanol and water have also been characterized to calculate the volume ratio and relative permittivity as a proof-of-concept. The obtained results show that the proposed sensing technique is capable of characterizing a low quantity of liquids (≈44 µL) with good accuracy, and a worst case measured error of only 6.8% is noted. The ease of integration with other circuitry, low cost, reusability with no deterioration, and adaptability of the proposed sensor makes it a suitable choice for the chemical as well as for the pharmaceutical industry.

Relationship Between Socio-Demographics, Study Skills and Distress Among Pakistani School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: The increasing prevalence of distress among students is of global concern. Several factors such as school and family environment and ineffective study skills could influence mental health. The study explored the rate of distress symptoms among school students' and its relationship with their study skills, stressors and demographic factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, a sample of 215 students from a community school participated in the study. Three questionnaires, demographic questionnaire, Study Skills Inventory and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise linear regression. Results: Response rate was 70% (n = 150). A high proportion of respondents (75%) was distressed (mean 27.28 ± 8.77). Correlation analysis showed that distress (K10 score) was negatively related to study skills (SSI total score) (r = -0.247, p = 0.002). The rate of distress symptoms was higher among female students (79%) compared to their male counterparts (72%). The factors associated with distress included negative association of teachers' level of help to develop competencies (p = 0.000, ß = -0.278, R2 = 0.249), unfavorable school environment (p = 0.000, ß = 0.285, R2 = 0.123), inability to cope with studies (p = 0.005, ß = 0.205, R2 = 0.038), family problems (p = 0.014, ß = 0.184, R2 = 0.173) and lower study skills (p = 0.031, ß = -0.164, R2 = 0.270). The overall regression analysis explained 33.6% of the variance (corrected R2 = 0.336). Conclusion: Higher than expected levels of distress (75%) was found in immigrant school students. Poor study skills have a significant relationship with distress. Learning environment and related stress factors were associated with distress among students. Based on the findings, it is recommended that stakeholders in education address the hidden curriculum, as it is usually unacknowledged and might affect students' wellbeing, and move from student centered to an interpersonal relation-centered education.

Management of knowledge and competence through human resource information system-A structured review.

The fourth industrial revolution will be ushered in by future high technology, and as a result, the world will face new difficulties relating to people, the environment, and profitability. Accordingly, the competitive edge and long-term viability of businesses would depend on the knowledge workers who could overcome these excruciatingly difficult obstacles and have the knowledge and competency to influence the overall performance of any type of company. But managing knowledge workers falls under the purview of human resources, and only effective human resources tools, plans, and procedures can ensure the success of this task. One such tool, which has the capacity and capability to change the whole scenario in an organization's favor, is the human resource information system (HRIS). The purpose of this structured review is to provide insight into a field of HRM (i.e., HRIS) that has largely been neglected by other reviews of the literature and has only been briefly discussed by a small number of publications published in reputable, top-tier journals. A customized HRIS framework is the result of this structured literature review for managing knowledge and competence. The study presents the content analysis of 48 articles, systematically and purposefully selected for this literature review, published during the past three decades. The study has several implications for policymakers and HR practitioners.

Fair and Privacy-Preserving Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis Based on Spontaneous Speech Analysis via Federated Learning.

As the most common neurodegenerative disease among older adults, Alzheimer's disease (AD) would lead to loss of memory, impaired language and judgment, gait disorders, and other cognitive deficits severe enough to interfere with daily activities and significantly diminish quality of life. Recent research has shown promising results in automatic AD diagnosis via speech, leveraging the advances of deep learning in the audio domain. However, most existing studies rely on a centralized learning framework which requires subjects' voice data to be gathered to a central server, raising severe privacy concerns. To resolve this, in this paper, we propose the first federated-learning-based approach for achieving automatic AD diagnosis via spontaneous speech analysis while ensuring the subjects' data privacy. Extensive experiments under various federated learning settings on the ADReSS challenge dataset show that the proposed model can achieve high accuracy for AD detection while achieving privacy preservation. To ensure fairness of the model performance across clients in federated settings, we further deploy fair aggregation mechanisms, particularly q-FEDAvg and q-FEDSgd, which greatly reduces the algorithmic biases due to the data heterogeneity among the clients. Clinical Relevance -The experiments were conducted on publicly available clinical datasets. No humans or animals were involved.

Exome sequencing reveals the first intragenic deletion in ABCA5 underlying autosomal recessive hypertrichosis.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary hypertrichosis (HH) is characterized by excessive hair growth on various body areas, which is independent of the individual's age. This rare hair disorder has been classified by its origin (genetic or acquired), age of onset, breadth of hair distribution (universal or localized) and the affected body areas. HH is often linked to several additional congenital abnormalities involving teeth, heart and bones. Human HH is associated with heterozygous genomic duplications and deletions in the chromosomal region 17q24.2-q24.3, containing genes such as ABCA5, ABCA6, ABCA10 and MAP2K6. Recently, a homozygous splice-site variant in ABCA5 has been reported to cause autosomal recessive congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis (CGHT; OMIM 135400). AIM: To investigate the clinical and genetic basis of autosomal recessive hypertrichosis in a large consanguineous Pakistani family. METHODS: In the present study, we characterized a family of Pakistani origin segregating CGHT in an autosomal recessive pattern, using whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: We identified a novel 2-bp intragenic deletion [NM_172232.4(ABCA5);c.977_978delAT] causing a frameshift variant (p.His326ArgfsTer5) in ABCA5. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first intragenic deletion in ABCA5 underlying CGHT. The findings further validate the involvement of ABCA5 in hair development. The study will facilitate genetic counselling of families carrying CGHT-related features in Pakistani and other populations.

Automated Detection of Rehabilitation Exercise by Stroke Patients Using 3-Layer CNN-LSTM Model.

According to statistics, stroke is the second or third leading cause of death and adult disability. Stroke causes losing control of the motor function, paralysis of body parts, and severe back pain for which a physiotherapist employs many therapies to restore the mobility needs of everyday life. This research article presents an automated approach to detect different therapy exercises performed by stroke patients during rehabilitation. The detection of rehabilitation exercise is a complex area of human activity recognition (HAR). Due to numerous achievements and increasing popularity of deep learning (DL) techniques, in this research article a DL model that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed and is named as 3-Layer CNN-LSTM model. The dataset is collected through RGB (red, green, and blue) camera under the supervision of a physiotherapist, which is resized in the preprocessing stage. The 3-layer CNN-LSTM model takes preprocessed data at the convolutional layer. The convolutional layer extracts useful features from input data. The extracted features are then processed by adjusting weights through fully connected (FC) layers. The FC layers are followed by the LSTM layer. The LSTM layer further processes this data to learn its spatial and temporal dynamics. For comparison, we trained CNN model over the prescribed dataset and achieved 89.9% accuracy. The conducted experimental examination shows that the 3-Layer CNN-LSTM outperforms CNN and KNN algorithm and achieved 91.3% accuracy.

Is age just a number or does it really affect the surgical and oncological outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy?

OBJECTIVE: To review the impact of age on perioperative and postoperative outcomes in patients following pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data from January 2014 to December 2018 of all patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy. Postoperative morbidity and oncological outcomes were compared between patients aged ≤60 years in group A and those aged >60 years in group B. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. RESULTS: Of the 161 patients, 103(64%) were males and 58(36%) were females. There were 117(73%) patients in group A; 72(61.5%) males and 45(38.5%) females with an overall mean age of 46±11 years. The remaining 44(27%) were in group B; 31(70.5%) males and 13(29.5%) females with an overall mean age of 67±05 years. The most common pathology was adenocarcinoma 130(81%), commonest site was periampullary 85(53%) and the most common pancreatic reconstruction technique employed was pancreaticogastrostomy 110(68%). Patients in group B had significantly higher comorbidities compared to those in group A (p<0.05). Estimated blood loss during surgery was significantly higher in group B (p=0.004). There was no significant difference in overall morbidity (p=0.856), reoperation (p=1.000), 30-day readmission rate (p=0.097), 90-day mortality rate (p=0.324)) and overall survival (p=0.551) between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatoduodenectomy could be performed in the elderly with comparable morbidity and oncological outcomes as younger patients. Comorbid conditions remained higher in elderly patients and preoperative optimisation may help improve postoperative outcomes.

Participatory cooking demonstrations: A distinctive learning approach towards positive health.

Background: Participatory cooking demonstration is a unique and effective way to teach nutritional concepts and basic cooking skills in a community setting. The present study attempted to develop the same in 4th-year nursing students through the intervention for a better nutritional health outcome. The objectives are to introduce and train nursing students on participatory cooking demonstrations in community households, evaluate the improvement of knowledge and self-efficacy of the participants, and assess the feedback of the study participants towards the intervention. Methodology: An educational intervention was carried out among BSc Nursing students in a tertiary healthcare institute from April to June 2019. A sample of 66 students were subjected to pre- and post-tests along with a self-efficacy evaluation and feedback survey. Results: Out of all, 91.1% were between 21 and 30 years, 77.8% belonged to rural areas, and 82% were in the lower-middle socioeconomic class. The knowledge was improved, and it was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The self-efficacy evaluation showed an enhancement of knowledge and awareness. The majority either strongly agreed or agreed that participatory cooking demonstrations helped them learn healthy cooking practices (80%), analyze specific nutritional problems (95.6%), and get hands-on experience in nutritional care (86.4%). The themes that emerged from qualitative data were discussed under liked, disliked aspects, challenges faced, and solutions offered. Conclusion: The hands-on sessions on participatory cooking demonstrations were successfully introduced and the knowledge and self-efficacy of the participants was improved. All participants were satisfied with the intervention as perceived by the participants.

Precise Warfarin Management through Personalized Modeling and Control with Limited Clinical Data.

Warfarin belongs to a medication class called anticoagulants or blood thinners. It is used for the treatment to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger. Patients with venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or who have suffered a heart attack, have an irregular heartbeat, or prosthetic heart valves are prescribed with warfarin. It is challenging to find optimal doses due to inter-patient and intra-patient variabilities and narrow therapeutic index. This work presents an individualized warfarin dosing method by utilizing the individual patient model generated using limited clinical data of the patients with chronic conditions under warfarin anticoagulation treatment. Then, the individual precise warfarin dosing is formalized as an optimal control problem, which is solved using the DORBF control approach. The efficiency of the proposed approach is compared with results obtained from practiced clinical protocol.

Some Study of Semigroups of h-Bi-Ideals of Semirings.

Semigroups are generalizations of groups and rings. In the semigroup theory, there are certain kinds of band decompositions which are useful in the study of the structure of semigroups. This research will open up new horizons in the field of mathematics by aiming to use semigroup of h-bi-ideal of semiring with semilattice additive reduct. With the course of this research, it will prove that subsemigroup, the set of all right h-bi-ideals, and set of all left h-bi-ideals are bands for h-regular semiring. Moreover, it will be demonstrated that if semigroup of all h-bi-ideals (B(H), ∗) is semilattice, then H is h-Clifford. This research will also explore the classification of minimal h-bi-ideal.

Prevalence of insomnia and related psychological factors with coping strategies among medical students in clinical years during the COVID-19 pandemic.

We explored the prevalence of insomnia, confirm the associated psychological factors and current coping strategies among undergraduate medical during their clinical years. This cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive study was conducted at the department of medical education, college of medicine, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The participants (n = 463) were the 3rd to 5th year, and intern medical clinical students. We collected responses about sleep, using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). We also used Kessler-10 (K10), Psychological Distress and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Items related to Coping strategies were also used from our previously published study and COVID-19 issues were explored using a self-developed questionnaire. According to the ISI ranking, 162 (34.9 %) of the participants had insomnia, among them 57.4% of females and 42.6% were males. Age groups between 22 and 25 have more sleeping disorder (43.2%) as compared to other age groups. 3rd-year students have more insomnia 36.41% as compared to other years. Individuals with insomnia symptoms were more likely (1.67 times higher) to be female students (OR = 1.67; P = 0.005) as compared to male students. A significantly high prevalence (3.37 times high) of insomnia was noted for those students or interns who have attended their clinical training irregularly as compare to regularly attending participants (OR = 2.32; P = 0.12) during COVID-19. Transition time i.e. year 3 of medical program was more stressful for the students and female students perceived stress and insomnia more than their male counterparts. It is important to address identified disorder early in order to reduce psychological morbidity and its harmful implications for medical students and young physicians.