ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) presents a complex clinical challenge, especially in patients with distant metastases and resistance to standard treatments. This study aimed to investigate the influence of specific genes and their germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to both inflammatory processes and other neoplasms on the clinical and pathological characteristics of DTC, particularly their potential impact on radioiodine (RAI) treatment efficacy. METHODS: This retrospective analysis involved a cohort of 646 patients diagnosed with DTC after thyroidectomy. Study covering 1998-2014, updated in 2023, included 567 women and 79 men (median age: 49; range: 7-83). SNP selection targeted functional significance, while mutational status was assessed by pyrosequencing for comprehensive characterization. Patient genetic profiles were assessed for associations with disease characteristics, RAI response, and cancer pathology. RESULTS: Significant correlations emerged between certain SNPs and DTC features. Notably, the NOD2 c.802 T > C variant (rs2066842) was identified as a marker distinguishing between papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Moreover, the c.802 T allele was associated with an enhanced response to RAI treatment, indicating a more substantial decrease in posttreatment stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) concentrations. The NFKB1A allele c.126A (rs696) exhibited connections with lower FTC stages and a reduced probability of multifocality. CONCLUSION: This study explored the molecular mechanisms of particular SNPs, highlighting the role of NOD2 in innate immunity and the stress response, and its potential impact on RAI efficacy. This research underscores the clinical promise of SNP analysis and contributes to personalized treatment strategies for DTC, emphasizing the relevance of genetic factors in cancer progression and treatment outcomes.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to compare measurements of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the breath of dairy cows kept in commercial conditions using the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nondispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR) methods. The measurement systems were installed in an automated milking system. Measurements were carried out for 5 d using both systems during milkings. The measurements were averaged per milking, giving 467 observations of CH4 and CO2 concentrations of 44 Holstein Friesian cows. The Pearson correlation between observations from the 2 systems was 0.86 for CH4, 0.84 for CO2, and 0.88 for their ratio. The repeatability of FTIR (0.53 for CH4, 0.57 for CO2, and 0.28 for their ratio) was somewhat higher than that of NDIR (0.57 for CH4, 0.47 for CO2, and 0.25 for their ratio). The coefficient of individual agreement was 0.98 for CH4, 0.89 for CO2, and 0.89 for their ratio; the concordance correlation coefficient was 0.48 for both gases and 0.24 for their ratio. We showed that FTIR and NDIR give similar results in commercial farm conditions. They can therefore be used interchangeably to generate a larger data set, which could then be further used for genetic evaluation.
Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Cattle/physiology , Methane/analysis , Milk/metabolism , Spectrophotometry, Infrared/veterinary , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/veterinary , Animals , FemaleABSTRACT
The enantiospecific synthesis of (R)-Boc-(Fmoc)-aminoglycine 7 was achieved. (S)-Cbz-serine 1 was reacted with diphenylphosphoryl azide in the presence of triethylamine to yield cyclic (S) carbamate 2. The ring nitrogen of 2 was protected with a Boc group (3). The cyclic carbamate of 3 was hydrolyzed with benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide to yield the (R)-enantiomer of alcohol 4. The oxidation of 4 with pyridinium dichromate yielded the enantiomerically pure (97% ee) (R)-Boc-(Cbz)-aminoglycine 5, which was converted to 7 with retention of optical purity. Similarly, starting from (S)-Boc-serine 9, cyclic (S) carbamate 10 was obtained. The ring nitrogen of 10 was protected with a Cbz group (11) with retention of configuration. The cyclic carbamate of 11 was base hydrolyzed to yield 12, the (S)-enantiomer alcohol. Independently, Boc-(Fmoc)-aminoglycine amide 13 and Boc-(Fmoc)-aminoglycine methyl ester 14 were resolved using papain. The stereochemistry of the isolated acid was determined to be (R) by coelution on HPLC of its derivative with Marfey's reagent and that of an authentic sample (7) obtained by enantiospecific synthesis.
Subject(s)
Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Papain/chemistry , Serine/analogs & derivatives , Amides/chemistry , Esters/chemistry , Glycine/chemical synthesis , Hydrolysis , Serine/chemical synthesis , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
The aim of study was to verify the specificity and usefulness of the Ottawa Ankle Rules in trauma patients. Prospective observations were made on 103 adult patients (48 males and 55 females aged 16 to 74 years). Clinical examination was subsequently verified by radiography. According to Ottawa Rules pain in the posterior aspect of distal 6 cm of tibia or fibula or pain at fifth metatarsal or navicular bone occurring immediately after injury suggests bone fracture. In 78 cases (75%) no fracture was seen on X-ray; ankle sprain and midfoot sprain was diagnosed in 49 (63%) and 19 (37%) patients respectively. Fractures have been found in 26 patients (25%); 19 in the ankle area and 7 within tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal. Diagnosis set according to Ottawa Ankle Rules was confirmed radiologically in 89 patients (86%). Clinically diagnosed fracture was ruled out radiologically in 14 cases (13%) and only once (1%) radiogram revealed fracture missed clinically. In our material specificity of the method was 86% and the risk of misdiagnosed fracture was less than 1 percent.
