Starting to unravel the toxoglossan knot: molecular phylogeny of the "turrids" (Neogastropoda: Conoidea).

The superfamily Conoidea is one of the most speciose groups of marine mollusks, with estimates of about 340 recent valid genera and subgenera, and 4000 named living species. Previous classifications were based on shell and anatomical characters, and clades and phylogenetic relationships are far from well assessed. Based on a dataset of ca. 100 terminal taxa belonging to 57 genera, information provided by fragments of one mitochondrial (COI) and three nuclear (28S, 18S and H3) genes is used to infer the first molecular phylogeny of this group. Analyses are performed on each gene independently as well as for a data matrix where all genes are concatenated, using Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian approaches. Several well-supported clades are defined and are only partly identifiable to currently recognized families and subfamilies. The nested sampling used in our study allows a discussion of the classification at various taxonomical levels, and several genera, subfamilies and families are found polyphyletic.

[The iliac vein occlusion]. / Narushenie prokhodimosti podvzdoshnykh ven.

Basing on roentgenological and morphological investigations the causes of the iliac veins passability disorder were studied up. In 45.1% of observations the stenosis was revealed of the left and in 1.2% of the right common iliac vein. Among the stenosis causes were osteal or cartilagenous prominences of vertebral column, intravascular structures (webs, membranes) in the left common iliac vein, the external iliac vein squeeze by internal iliac artery, retroperitoneal fibrosis, the right common iliac artery aneurysm, anomalous branching of parietal pelvic artery.

On the morphology of procercoids of the genus Proteocephalus (Cestoda, Proteocephalidea).

The morphology of larvae of four Proteocephalus species from copepod crustaceans as studied by scanning electron microscopy is described. Differences between species in the shape of the body and scolex as well as in the body size and relative position of suckers were revealed. In some species, a host-dependent variability in dimension indices and microthrix density was observed.

Attempted mathematical models of seasonal dynamics of cestode infections in intermediate and final hosts.

The possibility of describing cestode infection dynamics in various host groups (e.g in birds, fishes and copepods) by trigonometric and parabolic polynomials is examined. The necessity of observing certain requirements during data collection for the correct application of the examined models is shown; the possibility of applying a parabolic polynomial in case of non-observing of some of these requirements has been found. The mathematical models obtained are of prognostic value and may serve as a measure of the uniformity and validity of the empirical data.