[Morphologic changes in the thrombus and venous wall in experimental phleobothrombosis and thrombophlebitis]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia v trombe i stenke veny pri éksperimental'nom flebotromboze i tromboflebite.

Phlebothrombosis and thrombophlebitis were induced in dogs by percutaneous intraoperative introduction of thrombotic mass, obtained in vivo (20-40 animal blood per 3-4 ml thrombin solution) into jugular vein and studied in postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 through light microscope. The preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and after Hart, Van-Gieson and MSB. Venous intima was established to alter already on the next day following thrombophlebitis modeling. On d 3 and 5 epithelium desquamation and moderate leukocytic infiltration of media between smooth myocytes were found. On d 7 signs of thrombus organization, i.e. invasion of fibroblastic series cells and small capillaries inside it, were demonstrated. Muscular layer and adventitia display leukocytic infiltration. Venous wall thickens due to disorders of blood passage in vasa vasorum. On d 10 the portion of the thrombus attached to the wall was essentially organized. Fibroblasts and capillaries invade inside the thrombus, connective tissue fibres are formed. Sclerotic changes were noted in adventitia. By the end of the 2nd week venous wall showed muscular layer atrophia and sclerosis. Middle portions of the thrombus were involved in organization, canals lined with endothelium are formed in it. In case of thrombophlebitis changes in thrombus and venous wall develop earlier and are more pronounced.

[Modeling of phlebothrombosis in experimental animals]. / Modelirovanie flebotromboza v éksperimente.

Phlebothrombosis model was elaborated in experiment. The thrombotic mass was obtained in vitro, mixing the blood of animal with thrombin. Retracted thrombus was injected by puncture into previously ligated segment of the dog's v. jugularis externa. The vein's preparation was studied up on 1, 3, 5, 7, 10th and 14th day. Up to 8-10 days the thrombus adherence to the vein wall is friable and it is possible to extract it with the help of balloon catheter. Endothelium desquamation was revealed starting from 3-5th day.

[The risk and prevention of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities in abdominal surgery]. / Risk i profilaktika tromboza glubokikh ven nizhnikh konechnostei v abdominal'noi khirurgii.

According to the age, duration of the surgical procedure and risk factors the patients were divided into 3 groups: with a low, medial and high risk of the appearance of thrombosis of the profound veins (TPV). A test with 125I-fibrinogen was used in order to determine the frequency of this postoperative complication for each group, the frequency of lethal thromboembolism being counted on the basis of many years observations. Prophylactics of TPV was differential depending on the degree of risk of its appearance: nonspecific methods (elastic stockings, physical exercises for legs in bed) in the first group and specific (heparin in small doses, poly- and rheopolyglukin) in the 2nd and 3rd groups. An assessment of the efficiency of heparin prophylactics is given by a comparison of frequency of TPV in the control and investigation groups. The total number of patients operated upon in whom medicamentous methods of TPV prophylactics were used during 11 years (from 1984 till December 1994) was about 4 thousand. The frequency of clinical forms of thrombosis of the profound veins was decreased from 1 to 0.3%, lethal thromboembolism--from 0.26% (1980-1983) to 0.01% (1991-1994).